{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:52:51Z","timestamp":1790952771272,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005844","name":"Universitas Diponegoro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["610\/UN7.D2\/HK\/III\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["610\/UN7.D2\/HK\/III\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005844","name":"Universitas Diponegoro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["222\u2010634\/UN7.D2\/PP\/IV\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222\u2010634\/UN7.D2\/PP\/IV\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The incorporation of citrus\u2010based flavoring agents into vegetable oils has gained increasing attention because of their potential to enhance both the sensory and functional qualities. In this study, the aroma profiles of sesame, palm, and coconut oils flavored with three tropical citrus species, Kaffir lime (\n                      <jats:italic>Citrus hystrix<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), Key lime (\n                      <jats:italic>Citrus aurantifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and Nasnaran (\n                      <jats:italic>Citrus amblycarpa<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), were investigated. Citrus\u2010flavored vegetable oils were prepared by blending various concentrations of fresh citrus slices (60%, 100%, and 140% w\/v) with oils. Volatile organic compounds of the citrus\u2010flavored oils were analyzed using headspace gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. Monoterpene hydrocarbons, particularly limonene, \u03b2\u2010pinene, and \u03b2\u2010thujene, dominated the profiles (95.91%\u201399.88%), with Kaffir lime and Nasnaran contributing richer and more complex aroma profiles compared to Key lime. Coconut oil yielded the highest proportion of monoterpene hydrocarbons (ca. 99%), with minimal levels of other volatiles, which may be related to its medium\u2010chain saturated fatty acid content. In contrast, the other oils displayed greater chemical diversity, including esters, ketones, and pyrazines. Multivariate evaluations, such as hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis, demonstrated that the citrus type was the primary driver of volatile differentiation, surpassing the oil matrix and citrus concentration effects. Additionally, partial least squares\u2013discriminant analysis highlighted ocimenes as key volatile markers responsible for volatile discrimination across oil types (VIP\u00a0=\u00a01.57\u20132.17). These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate citrus varieties and concentrations to differentiate volatile profiles of citrus\u2010flavored vegetable oils, provide novel insights into potent aroma\u2013matrix interactions, and support the development of customized, naturally flavored oils for culinary and functional applications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical Applications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Edible oils, such as sesame, palm, and coconut, can be utilized to extract volatile organic compounds from citrus fruits, resulting in citrus\u2010flavored vegetable oils with distinctive aroma profiles. The outcomes of this research can benefit both food producers and consumers looking for flavor\u2010enhanced, locally sourced vegetable oils.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T10:35:29Z","timestamp":1759228529000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds in Citrus\u2010Flavored Sesame, Palm, and Coconut Oils Using Gas Chromatography\u2013Mass Spectrometry and Multivariate Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Azzahra Mutiara","family":"Ayu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro  Semarang Central Java Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldia","family":"Katherinatama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture University of the Ryukyus  Nishihara Okinawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonathan","family":"Asikin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro  Semarang Central Java Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture University of the Ryukyus  Nishihara Okinawa Japan"},{"name":"United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moena","family":"Oe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture University of the Ryukyus  Nishihara Okinawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kensaku","family":"Takara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture University of the Ryukyus  Nishihara Okinawa Japan"},{"name":"United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7774-7693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemala","family":"Anjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro  Semarang Central Java Indonesia"},{"name":"Center of Nutrition Research (CENURE) Universitas Diponegoro  Semarang Central Java Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8808-1826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana Nur","family":"Afifah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro  Semarang Central Java Indonesia"},{"name":"Center of Nutrition Research (CENURE) Universitas Diponegoro  Semarang Central Java Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8308-8057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ninik","family":"Rustanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro  Semarang Central Java Indonesia"},{"name":"Center of Nutrition Research (CENURE) Universitas Diponegoro  Semarang Central Java Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2409-5449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fitriyono","family":"Ayustaningwarno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro  Semarang Central Java Indonesia"},{"name":"Center of Nutrition Research (CENURE) Universitas Diponegoro  Semarang Central Java Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.201300267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fufo.2024.100455"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44187\u2010024\u201000224\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/047167849X.bio071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29244\/jtcs.4.2.49\u201057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12061301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.14664"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsfoodscitech.1c00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c00343"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11010021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15226\/jnhfs.2017.001100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.110853"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30091891"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119575313.ch12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22071148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.912680"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2024.114751"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1981\u20106723.05419"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Husna A. A.Saputra N.Harini et\u00a0al.2024. \u201cPhysical and Flavor Qualities of Cocoa Beans Affected by Different Box Fermenter Capacity Fermentation Length and Microbial Cultures.\u201dBIO Web of Conferences143:03005.","DOI":"10.1051\/bioconf\/202414303005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"547","article-title":"Sesame Oil","volume":"2","author":"Hwang L. S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Julaeha E. K.Shinta Dewi andA.Hardianto.2020.Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activities of Indonesian Citrus Essential Oils and Their Elucidation Using Principal Component Analysis.Preprints. doi:10.20944\/preprints202011.0586.v1.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202011.0586.v1"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"359","article-title":"Extraction of Citrus hystrix DC (Kaffir Lime) Essential Oil Using Automated Steam Distillation Process: Analysis of Volatile Compounds","volume":"17","author":"Kasuan N.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119575313.ch1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2014.05.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14091467"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.17306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2019.06.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14233\/ajchem.2019.22167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0121934"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2022.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d230452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c02059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29091947"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.699666"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1333"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2022.2046600"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2024.101203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2022.114112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Withana\u2010Gamage T. S. S. P.Perera andU. N.Wanasundara.2020. \u201cCoconut Oil.\u201d InBailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products 1\u201337.Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/047167849X.bio054.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2024.115804"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.104087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ijfe-2019-0382"}],"container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1750-3841.70587","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1750-3841.70587","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1750-3841.70587","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T15:19:40Z","timestamp":1781968780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1750-3841.70587"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1750-3841.70587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1750-3841.70587","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1147","1750-3841"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1147","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-3841","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70587"}}