{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T21:38:06Z","timestamp":1779313086710,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Moringa oleifera<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaves are a rich source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory properties. However, the efficient extraction of these compounds depends on optimized process conditions and suitable extraction techniques that ensure high yield with the compound's stability. Conventional extraction methods often expose compounds to heat and an oxidative environment, which can degrade sensitive molecules. To address this, this study evaluated the extraction efficiency of these bioactive compounds using a hydroethanolic solvent through vacuum\u2010assisted extraction (VAE) method. For comparison purposes, the bed\u2010stirred extraction (BSE) was also performed. A design of experiments was applied to optimize the process, identifying the solid\u2010solvent ratio (1:150, g\/mL) as a key factor for both extraction methods, with similar optimal ethanol concentrations of around 80% for BSE and VAE methods. VAE significantly increased the recovery of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds by 37% and 48%, respectively, and four times the vitamin content compared to BSE. This is due to the enhanced penetration of solvents and the protection of bioactive compounds from oxidation under vacuum conditions. VAE extracts exhibited stronger free radical scavenging in DPPH and ABTS assays (23 \u00b1 1 and 28 \u00b1 1 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively), with IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      values up to 75% lower than BSE extracts, indicating higher oxidative stress reduction potential near the BHT reference. The VAE extract presented anti\u2010inflammatory activity (measured by lipoxygenase inhibition assay), with an IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      of 52 \u00b1 1 \u00b5g\/mL near the acetylsalicylic acid (43.3 \u00b1 2.4 \u00b5g\/mL). The enhanced bioactivity of VAE extracts is attributed to their phytochemical profile, which has higher concentrations of phenolic compounds and vitamins.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T11:14:14Z","timestamp":1763378054000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bioactive Compounds Extraction From\n                    <i>Moringa oleifera<\/i>\n                    Leaves: A Comparative Study of Vacuum\u2010Assisted and Bed\u2010Stirred Extractions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Ol\u00edvia J. S.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Coimbra, CERES  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anabela","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LESRA \u2013 Laboratory of Separation, Reaction and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Agostinho Neto University  Luanda Angola"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herm\u00ednio C. de","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Coimbra, CERES  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lic\u00ednio M.","family":"Gando\u2010Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Coimbra, CERES  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4142-4021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara E. M.","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Coimbra, CERES  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26717\/BJSTR.2023.48.007617"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.113505"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/JFBC.13933"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2015.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/9781849737579\u201000231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/PLANTS13010020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/PTR.6475"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/PLANTS12091921"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201080700\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2014.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PROCS.2017.05.177"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FOODCHEM.2021.131918"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FOODCHEM.2023.138338"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2020.103424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FBP.2021.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11033\u2010020\u201005394\u20107\/METRICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S12161\u2010023\u201002470\u2010Z\/METRICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/NU10030343"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"Le\u00f3n\u2010F\u00e9lix J. M. A.Angulo\u2010Escalante andR. G.Dorado.2017. \u201cNutritional and Phenolic Characterization ofMoringa oleiferaLeaves Grown in Sinaloa M\u00e9xico.\u201d Published March 6.https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/315044990."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jarmap.2020.100284"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PHRS.2022.106163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocsci.2023.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ARABJC.2022.104206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2013.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FUFO.2024.100313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/MOLECULES28135163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891\u20105849(98)00315\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21347"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SUPFLU.2016.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/FOODS10040839"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2095555"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SUPFLU.2012.01.005"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"2393","article-title":"Simultaneous Estimation of Water Soluble Vitamin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method in Five Wild Edible Plants Consumed by the Tribal People of North\u2010Eastern Region in India","volume":"8","author":"Seal T.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/PLANTS12132455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FOODCHEM.2020.128369"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/PR11123444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SUPFLU.2017.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/MOLECULES20010430"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FPHAR.2020.566783\/BIBTEX"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/AGRONOMY12020261\/S1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ANTIOX8080296"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2023.123339"}],"container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1750-3841.70700","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1750-3841.70700","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1750-3841.70700","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T11:29:24Z","timestamp":1773919764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1750-3841.70700"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1750-3841.70700"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1750-3841.70700","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1147","1750-3841"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1147","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-3841","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70700"}}