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Sixteen C57BL\/6J IL\u201010\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      male mice were divided into two experimental groups. The control group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08) received 0.4\u00a0mL of whole milk (UHT) and the kefir group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08) received 0.4\u00a0mL of a fermented beverage made from milk kefir grains (2.4\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                      <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                      colony\u2010forming units [CFU]), both administered via gavage for 4 weeks. Feces were collected and body weight was measured weekly. At the end of the study, the animals were anesthetized and euthanized, and the small intestine and cecum content were collected for analysis. Proximate composition of kefir and microbiological analysis were conducted. Histomorphometry measurements and quantification of short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were conducted in small intestine. SFCAs were also evaluated in cecum content, and microbiota composition was evaluated in fecal samples. The kefir beverage improved histomorphometry characteristics of the small intestine, increased the number of goblet cells, reduced inflammatory infiltrates, increased\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and reduced\n                      <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                      , suggesting attenuation of the inflammatory process. Furthermore, the kefir beverage increased the concentration of butyrate, a short\u2010chain fatty acid with anti\u2010inflammatory properties, in the small intestine, which may also be associated with reduced inflammation in this group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T12:51:57Z","timestamp":1770727917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Milk Kefir Beverage Improves Histomorphometry, Reduces Inflammatory Infiltrates and\n                    <i>Desulfovibrio<\/i>\n                    and Increases\n                    <i>Lactobacillus<\/i>\n                    in IL\u201010\n                    <sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/sup>\n                    Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9149-1930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iasmim Xisto","family":"Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014UFV  Vi\u00e7osa Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinicius Fernandes","family":"Paris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014UFV  Vi\u00e7osa Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana de F\u00e1tima Albuquerque","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014UFV  Vi\u00e7osa Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela de C\u00e1ssia \u00c1vila","family":"Alpino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Federal University of Juiz de Fora\u2014UFJF  Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andressa Ladeira","family":"Bernardes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014UFV  Vi\u00e7osa Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa Gabriela Morais de","family":"\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioinformatics Federal University of Minas Gerais\u2014UFMG  Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcella Duarte Villas","family":"Mishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014UFV  Vi\u00e7osa Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoela Maciel dos Santos","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014UFV  Vi\u00e7osa Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soraya Torres Gaze","family":"Jangola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Immunology Group Ren\u00e9 Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation\u2014FIOCRUZ  Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiago Antonio de Oliveira","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014UFV  Vi\u00e7osa Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria do Carmo Gouveia","family":"Peluzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014UFV  Vi\u00e7osa Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis","author":"Association of Official Analytical Chemistry","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10061210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Instru\u00e7\u00e3o Normativa No 62, de 26 de Agosto de 2003. 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