{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:27:51Z","timestamp":1791840471761,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>The molecular architecture and physicochemical traits of \u03b2\u2010glucans vary among their sources, potentially influencing their biological activity. In this study, we analyzed the molecular configurations of four \u03b2\u2010glucans sourced from yeast and euglena, and assessed their impact on immune regulation using RAW264.7 macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The findings revealed that yeast\u2010derived \u03b2\u2010glucans have a smaller particle size than those from euglena, yet the yeast \u03b2\u2010glucans possess a higher molecular weight. The ratio of glycoside bonds indicated that yeast \u03b2\u2010glucans possess side chains with both \u03b2\u20101,3 and \u03b2\u20101,6 glycosidic linkages. \u03b2\u2010Glucans inhibited LPS\u2010induced release of NO, ROS, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and IL\u20106 in macrophages, enhanced cell phagocytic ability, and improved cell proliferation rate. Samples from different sources and doses exhibited different levels of immune activity. Among them, yeast \u03b2\u2010glucans performed better in enhancing cell proliferation ability and inhibiting the release of NO, ROS, IL\u20106, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 by macrophages, while euglena \u03b2\u2010glucan treatment had higher phagocytic ability. It was hypothesized that \u03b2\u2010glucans with smaller particle size, higher molecular weight, and complex branched structures would probably show stronger immunoregulatory activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical Applications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this study provided potential criteria for selecting \u03b2\u2010glucans as immunoregulatory supplements and helped to elucidate the immunomodulatory mechanisms of \u03b2\u2010glucans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T07:41:33Z","timestamp":1768808493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison in Structure and Immunomodulatory Activities of \u03b2\u2010Glucans Derived From Yeast and Euglena"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Pei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University  Wuxi Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University  Wuxi Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University  Wuxi Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruonan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University  Wuxi Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianfeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Open 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