{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:35:33Z","timestamp":1773009333285,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023A1515011068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515011068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease defined by persistent hyperglycemia, primarily caused by insulin (INS) resistance and \u03b2\u2010cell dysfunction. However, current pharmacological therapies are limited by adverse effects, highlighting the need for safe adjunctive strategies. Plant polysaccharides and their fermentation\u2010derived degradation products exhibit multiple bioactivities and may be promising nutraceutical candidates. This study used degradation products of a water\u2010soluble polysaccharide of finger citron from Guangdong Province (FCP\u20102\u20101) by gut micro biota fermentation (DFPG) as the research subject to investigate its hypoglycemic effects and underlying mechanisms in mice with T2DM. The findings indicated that degradation products of FCP\u20102\u20101 by gut micro biota fermentation after 8 h (DFPG\u20108) attenuated body weight loss, polydipsia, polyphagia, high fasting blood glucose, impaired oral glucose tolerance (OGT), and the elevated serum INS and glycated serum protein (GSP) in T2DM mice. In addition, DFPG\u20108 ameliorated lipid metabolism and attenuated pancreatic islet injury. Mechanistically, DFPG\u20108 activated colonic cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) \/Protein Kinase A (PKA) and cAMP\/Epac by cAMP signaling, up regulated cAMP response element\u2010binding protein (CREB) and caudal type homeobox 2 (Cdx\u20102), enhanced glucagon gene (GCG) transcription, and promoted glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101) synthesis. It also restored hypothalamic GLP\u20101 receptor (GLP\u20101R) expression, thereby modulating appetite and energy balance, reducing food intake, and increasing GLP\u20101 responsiveness, contributing to improved glycemic homeostasis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that DFPG\u20108 may exert hypoglycemic effects by regulating the cAMP\/PKA\/Epac\/GCG\/GLP\u20101\/GLP\u20101R signaling pathway, thereby improving glucose and lipid metabolism as well as appetite regulation, and support its potential development as a functional dietary supplement for the adjunctive management of T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T12:16:09Z","timestamp":1770552969000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Degradation Products of Guangdong Finger Citron Water\u2010Soluble Polysaccharides by Gut Microbiota Ameliorate Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus via the Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Yuxiao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods College of Food Science South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods College of Food Science South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods College of Food Science South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods College of Food Science South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4474-3466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aimei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods College of Food Science South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28073094"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23092338"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101895"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11132020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9120473"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chatterjee R. 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