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This study aimed to determine the optimum conditions for ultrasound\u2010 and enzyme\u2010assisted protein extraction from\n                      <jats:italic>Cladostephus spongiosum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CS). The obtained extract was characterized by investigating techno\u2010functional properties and some bioactive effects\u00a0such as antioxidant activity (AOA) and angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Moreover, the phenolic and amino acid profile of the protein extracts (PEs) were determined, and the extracts were subjected to in vitro simulated digestion. The optimum extraction condit ions were determined by response surface methodology, where the responses were extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), and AOA. According to the results, the optimum conditions were ultrasound treatment time: 5.5\u00a0min, substrate\/enzyme ratio: 2\/1 (w\/w), and extraction time: 180\u00a0min. The TPC of the PEs increased from 16.77 to 153.54 and 49.29\u00a0mg\u00a0GAE\/g extract in dry weight (dw) after in vitro gastric and intestinal digestion, respectively. In addition, PE of CS had 8.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.00% ACE inhibitory activity; whereas no inhibitory activity was detected in the digested samples. The findings of this study revealed the optimum conditions for ultrasound\u2010assisted enzymatic extraction and techno\u2010functional and bioactive characteristics of CS PEs, and these extracts can be utilized as an ingredient to enrich protein content of a novel food product.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.71152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T08:56:52Z","timestamp":1780045012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Cladostephus spongiosum<\/i>\n                    as a Novel Protein Source: Bioactive, Techno\u2010Functional, and Physicochemical Properties"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3800-4774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aysun","family":"Y\u00fccetepe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food 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