{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:07:07Z","timestamp":1789387627259,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32372423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32372423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32302190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ulcerative colitis treatment is hindered by side effects, relapse, individual variability, and poor intestinal barrier repair. Milk\u2011derived exosomes (exo) are safe; carry anti\u2011inflammatory miRNAs\/proteins; and regulate immunity, epithelial repair, and gut microbiota. Here, we isolated donkey milk exo and characterized them. Exo showed typical features (TSG101, CD63, CD9) and contained 1212 miRNAs, with eca\u2011let\u20117\u00a0g and eca\u2011miR\u2011148a being most abundant. Oral exo administration in DSS\u2011induced colitis mice significantly reduced body weight loss, colon shortening, and disease activity index. Exo enhanced intestinal barrier by upregulating Occludin, Claudin\u20111, and ZO\u20111; lowered pro\u2011inflammatory cytokines (IL\u20111\u03b2, IL\u20116, TNF\u2011\u03b1); increased anti\u2011inflammatory IL\u201110; and attenuated oxidative stress and neutrophil infiltration. Mechanistically, eca\u2011let\u20117\u00a0g directly targeted TLR4 3\u2032UTR to inhibit NF\u2011\u03baB, while eca\u2011miR\u2011148a targeted NLRP3 3\u2032UTR to suppress the NLRP3\u2011Caspase\u20111\u2011IL\u201118 axis. Moreover, exo reshaped gut microbiota by reducing pathogenic\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                      and enriching beneficial\n                      <jats:italic>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Turicibacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Collectively, donkey milk exo alleviate DSS\u2011evoked colitis through two distinct mechanisms: miRNA\u2011mediated suppression of inflammatory pathways and gut microbiota modulation. These findings support donkey milk exo as a natural, orally deliverable therapeutic option for inflammatory bowel disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.71192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:42:51Z","timestamp":1782848571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Donkey Milk Exosomes Protect Against Dextran Sulfate Sodium\u2010Induced Colitis by Delivering Anti\u2010Inflammatory miRNAs and Reshaping Gut Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Qizhen","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources Jiangnan University  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gengli","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources Jiangnan University  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Gelatine Medicines Research and Development Dong'e Ejiao Co. 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