{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:09:03Z","timestamp":1789387743655,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tiger nut (\n                      <jats:italic>Cyperus esculentus<\/jats:italic>\n                      L.) meal peptides (TMP) are bioactive peptides prepared by hydrolyzing tiger nut meal\u2014a by\u2010product of tiger nut oil extraction\u2014with alkaline protease. These peptides have demonstrated promising immunomodulatory potential. In this study, proteins were extracted from tiger nut meal using the alkali dissolution and acid precipitation method. The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were then optimized through single\u2010factor experiments and response surface methodology. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were determined as follows: hydrolysis time 4\u00a0h, pH 10, enzyme dosage 9000 U\/g, and temperature 46\u00b0C. Under these conditions, the degree of hydrolysis reached (24.87 \u00b1 0.91%). Subsequently, a peptide fraction with a molecular weight of &lt;\u00a03\u00a0kDa was obtained via ultrafiltration. In vitro, this fraction significantly promoted the proliferation of mouse splenic lymphocytes and induced the secretion of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin\u20102 (IL\u20102), interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3), and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1). In vivo experiments showed that TMP effectively improved immune function in cyclophosphamide (CTX)\u2010induced immunosuppressed mice, as indicated by increased immune organ indices, elevated serum levels of both pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (IL\u20102, IFN\u2010\u03b3, and TNF\u2010\u03b1) and the anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine interleukin\u20104 (IL\u20104), and alleviated histopathological damage in spleen tissue. This study provides theoretical support for the development of TMP in immunomodulatory products and expands the potential application of tiger nut by\u2010products in the functional food industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.71244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T11:12:30Z","timestamp":1782731550000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Preparation and Immunomodulatory Function of Tiger Nut Meal Peptides"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3946-3641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin Agricultural University  Changchun P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin Agricultural University  Changchun P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hairong","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin Agricultural University  Changchun P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin Agricultural University  Changchun P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0021-9366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yawen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin Agricultural University  Changchun P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhua","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin Agricultural University  Changchun P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Enzymic Hydrolysis of Food Proteins","author":"Adler\u2010Nissen J.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1268968"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e38370"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910379"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2025.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgfs.2024.100919"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26855\/ijfsa.2023.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.115752"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2021.100175"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.137863"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29061403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.971419"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70421"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742\u20106596\/2920\/1\/012020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11203309"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.383"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.139608"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947\u2010025\u201003893\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27051720"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14071209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.112194"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106212"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.131272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/ieab013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.125946"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14030349"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2026.119288"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14061068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.138947"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155302"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/nfs\u201012\u20102024\u20100387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.103874"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.138801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989\u2010021\u201010164\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.118136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.808424"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.111470"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103888"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.142024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27031079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2025.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.143631"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2025.104262"}],"container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71244","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71244","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71244","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:45:12Z","timestamp":1789386312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71244"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1750-3841.71244"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71244","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1147","1750-3841"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1147","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-3841","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71244"}}