{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:06:31Z","timestamp":1789387591595,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4027892"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4027892"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cheese whey, a nutrient\u2010rich dairy byproduct that requires management due to its high organic load, was valorized using an integrated biorefinery platform with the edible fungus\n                      <jats:italic>Neurospora intermedia<\/jats:italic>\n                      to simultaneously produce mycoprotein, carotenoids, and B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6). Initial optimization employed a one\u2010factor\u2010at\u2010a\u2010time (OFAT) approach to evaluate the effects of whey concentration, initial pH, KNO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      , salt supplementation, trace elements, precursor, and pellet\u2010inducing agents (CaCl\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , glycerol, and Tween 80). Subsequent optimization via response surface methodology (RSM) revealed the limitations of OFAT analysis and identified optimal conditions for targeted outputs. Maximum biomass yield (7.8\u00a0g\/L) was achieved at high whey concentration (40\u00a0g\/L) and low pH (pH 4), whereas maximum nutrient yields, 249.96\u00a0\u00b5g\/g carotenoids, 1.46\u00a0mg\/g B1, 7.17\u00a0mg\/g B2, 0.41\u00a0mg\/g B3, and 1.2\u00a0mg\/g B6, were attained at low whey concentration (10\u00a0g\/L) and low pH (pH 4). These conditions also minimized pellet size to 2\u00a0mm, enhancing metabolite production. The process concurrently reduced whey's chemical oxygen demand by 25.8% and demonstrated high biosorption of metal ions (76.8% Ca, 69.9% Mg, 80.8% Fe, 62.5% K). CHNS mass balance analysis revealed carbon (19.8%), hydrogen (18.9%), nitrogen (40.3%), and sulfur (42.5%) transfer efficiencies from cheese whey to\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>intermedia<\/jats:italic>\n                      biomass, with a 2.24\u2010fold nitrogen enrichment (from 2.69% to 6.04%) corresponding to 37.8% crude protein and atomic ratios of C\/N (7.84), N\/S (36.2), H\/C (1.85), and C\/O (\u22481.15). This study demonstrates the effective biorefining of whey into valuable products using RSM. This approach allows for the targeted production of high\u2010volume mycoprotein, nutrient\u2010dense extracts, or specific fungal morphology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.71294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T07:31:21Z","timestamp":1784791881000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Co\u2010Production of Mycoprotein, Carotenoids, and B Vitamins From Cheese Whey by\n                    <i>Neurospora intermedia<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1087-6837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Dianatdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Molecular Biology &amp; Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology University of Isfahan  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Etemadifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Molecular Biology &amp; Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology University of Isfahan  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad J.","family":"Taherzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery University of Bor\u00e5s  Bor\u00e5s Sweden"},{"name":"Millow AB  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2024.2357695"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"APHA Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 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