{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:06:14Z","timestamp":1789387574719,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>This study covers critical aspects of honey quality and safety assessment, including elemental profile, heavy metal content, and sugar authenticity, which have not previously been reported across all four governorates of Kurdistan. Forty\u2010nine samples were collected from Erbil, Duhok, Sulaymaniyah, and Halabja and analyzed for physicochemical and colorimetric properties; a subset of 20 samples, selected for their high bioactive compound content and antioxidant activity in preliminary screening, was further analyzed by HPLC sugar profiling and ICP\u2010OES elemental analysis, with Manuka honey used as a reference standard. The concentration of proline in Halabja honeys, 191 \u00b1 26\u00a0mg\/kg (mean), exceeded the average Codex authenticity threshold, while lead in one Duhok sample (0.918 \u00b1 0.004\u00a0mg\/kg) exceeded the Codex limit, indicating localized contamination. The mineral range of Sulaymaniyah samples was wide (ash 0.10%\u20130.57 %), and Erbil samples had the highest viscosity (6,582 \u00b1 9,428 mPa\u00b7s). Sugar profile results showed well\u2010ripened samples (fructose\/glucose ratio 1.1\u20101.7), though some samples showed possible adulteration. Potassium was the most abundant element (493.95\u20134,607.1\u00a0mg\/kg). Te was consistently detected across all regions (0.374\u20130.632\u00a0mg\/kg); however, as ICP\u2010OES emission lines are susceptible to spectral interference, these values should be confirmed by independent analysis. The study establishes a baseline for the quality of regional honey, identifies contamination risks, and demonstrates that the majority of sampled honeys meet Codex physicochemical and safety standards, while identifying localized heavy metal contamination risks and emphasizing the need for botanical authentication. Findings from the HPLC and ICP\u2010OES subset should be interpreted as descriptive of high\u2010bioactivity honeys rather than representative of the full sample population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.71303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T04:47:40Z","timestamp":1784522860000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Compositional and Safety Profiling of Honeys From Iraqi Kurdistan: A Multi\u2010Indicator Analytical Approach"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6438-4726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belan","family":"Othman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences Salahaddin University\u2010Erbil  Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawal H.","family":"Sebo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences Salahaddin University\u2010Erbil  Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safea S.","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences Salahaddin University\u2010Erbil  Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-019-03942-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25156\/ptj.v12n1y2022.pp55\u201060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0260-8774(01)00034-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36103\/ijas.v48iSpecial.253"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jscs.2012.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573401316999201001145306"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Influence of Temperature and Water Content on the Rheological Properties of Polish Honeys","volume":"57","author":"Bakier S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.2020.1765481"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/ijasbt.v8i1.27804"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2008.10719745"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Harmonised Methods of the International Honey Commission","volume":"5","author":"Bogdanov S.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Swiss Bee Research Centre"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/apido:2004047"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2020.109724"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","unstructured":"CIE C.2004.Technical Report Colorimetry.Commission Internationale de l'\u00c9clairage Central Bureau."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"Codex Alimentarius Commission.2001. \u201cRevised Codex Standard for Honey.\u201dCodex Stan12:1\u20137."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Damto T.2019. \"A Review on Effect of Adulteration on Honey Properties.\" Preprint SSRN. 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