{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T18:01:55Z","timestamp":1792260115463,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii<\/jats:italic>\n                      is an emerging protein\u2010rich microalga with significant potential as a sustainable source of bioactive peptides. In this study, an ultrasound\u2010assisted alkaline extraction was developed and optimized using a deterministic screening design (DSD) combined with design space analysis to establish a mechanistic and statistical co\u2010optimization strategy for efficient protein recovery. A total of 15 experimental runs were conducted to systematically evaluate six key variables, including solution pH, solid\u2010to\u2010liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time, ultrasonic power, and ultrasonication duration, in order to identify significant factors affecting extraction yield and construct a predictive regression model. Under optimized conditions, the protein extraction yield reached 78.29%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.98%, and the model exhibited excellent fitting and predictive performance (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.993,\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      _pred\u00a0=\u00a00.993,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The recommended operating ranges determined by design space analysis were NaOH solution pH 8.3\u20139.1, solid\u2010to\u2010liquid ratio 1:152\u20131:162, and ultrasonic power 310.65\u2013390.65\u00a0W, with a verified target achievement probability exceeding 95%. The extracted proteins demonstrated strong antioxidant activity and exhibited concentration\u2010dependent inhibitory effects against \u03b1\u2010amylase and \u03b1\u2010glucosidase. Enzymatic hydrolysis with seven proteases improved inhibitory potency; proteinase K and bromelain hydrolysates performed best. Their \u03b1\u2010amylase IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      values were 4.97\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.24 and 8.68\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.12\u00a0mg\/mL, and \u03b1\u2010glucosidase IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      values were 2.15\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.11 and 4.33\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.23\u00a0mg\/mL, respectively. These findings indicate that DSD\u2010guided optimization effectively improves protein extraction efficiency from\n                      <jats:italic>C. reinhardtii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and the resulting hydrolysates possess promising hypoglycemic potential for functional food applications. Future studies should focus on identifying specific bioactive peptide sequences and elucidating their enzyme inhibition mechanisms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical Applications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An efficient and flexible microalgae protein extraction method was developed using design space optimization, defining a range of conditions rather than a single point for greater practicality. The extracted proteins produce bioactive peptides with potential blood sugar\u2013regulating effects, offering a sustainable, high\u2010value ingredient for functional foods or nutraceuticals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.71329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T16:36:24Z","timestamp":1785256584000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["DSD\u2010Guided Ultrasound\u2010Assisted Protein Recovery From\n                    <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii<\/i>\n                    : Modeling, Optimization, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1104-1816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food &amp; Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Guangzhou College of 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