{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T05:18:01Z","timestamp":1787980681990,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LH2022C007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LH2022C007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Inonotus hispidus<\/jats:italic>\n                      polysaccharides (IHP) from this edible medicinal fungus exhibit notable immunological benefits, yet fraction specific effects on host immunity and the gut microbiota remain unclear. This study investigated the differential bioactivities of three graded ethanol\u2010precipitated fractions (IHP\u201065, IHP\u201075, and IHP\u201085) in a cyclophosphamide (CTX)\u2010induced immunosuppressed mouse model. Structural characterization revealed that IHP\u201065 was a 1098\u00a0kDa complex heteropolysaccharide, whereas IHP\u201085 comprised a highly uniform 19.7\u00a0kDa glucan core. Following oral administration, all fractions mitigated CTX induced weight loss, significantly increased spleen and thymus indices, and restored IL\u20102 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 toward normal levels. Efficacy was strictly fraction dependent, with the low molecular weight IHP\u201085 consistently outperforming IHP\u201075 and IHP\u201065. Microbiota analysis showed a marked reversal of CTX induced dysbiosis, significantly expanding Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes while suppressing Proteobacteria. At the genus level,\n                      <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      rose and\n                      <jats:italic>Alloprevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      declined, collectively tracking a recovery trajectory toward the normal control community. These findings demonstrate distinct structure activity relationships among IHP fractions, establishing a clear mechanistic framework for utilizing specific low molecular weight glucans as functional food ingredients to modulate host health via the gut immune axis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical Applications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This research demonstrates that graded ethanol precipitation is an effective method for isolating high\u2010activity polysaccharides from\n                      <jats:italic>Inonotus hispidus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Specifically, the fraction precipitated at high ethanol concentrations shows superior potential for boosting immunity and regulating gut health. These findings provide a scientific basis for food manufacturers to optimize processing techniques and develop effective, natural functional food ingredients targeted at immune support.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.71377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T11:50:33Z","timestamp":1786794633000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Inonotus hispidus<\/i>\n                    Polysaccharides Prepared by Graded Ethanol Precipitation Modulate the Gut\u2010Immune Axis in Cyclophosphamide\u2010Induced Immunosuppressed Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Ao","family":"Jing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resources Utilization Northeast Forestry University  Harbin China"},{"name":"College of Food and Health Northeast Forestry 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