{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T05:17:44Z","timestamp":1787980664069,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mountain horopito (\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudowintera colorata<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and kawakawa (\n                      <jats:italic>Piper excelsum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) are plants endemic to Aotearoa|New Zealand with cultural and medicinal importance for Indigenous M\u0101ori. These plants have also become popular in food applications. Drying is an important preservation technique for extending the shelf life of herbs, which alters the volatile composition and aroma of food products. This study evaluates the effects of thermal and freeze\u2010drying on the volatile compound profiles of mountain horopito and kawakawa. Volatile compounds were extracted from both fresh and dried leaves using headspace solid\u2010phase microextraction (HS\u2010SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS). A total of 105 volatiles were identified in horopito and 102 in kawakawa. Limonene was the most abundant compound in fresh horopito, whereas myristicin was the most abundant in fresh kawakawa. Both thermal and freeze\u2010drying led to large changes in volatile composition, with freeze\u2010dried samples mirroring those of thermally dried leaves rather than those of fresh material. Drying notably reduced key terpenes and alcohols in horopito, such as limonene, \u03b1\u2010cubebene, and terpinen\u20104\u2010ol, likely diminishing \u201cherby,\u201d \u201cpeppery,\u201d \u201cspicy,\u201d and \u201ccitrus\u201d odor notes. Decreased terpenes and aldehydes in kawakawa, such as limonene and\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010hexanal, are likely to lessen \u201csweet,\u201d \u201cfloral,\u201d and \u201cfruity\u201d odors. The present results highlight that thermal and freeze\u2010drying reduced the abundance of key volatile compounds in horopito and kawakawa compared to fresh samples. These findings provide valuable guidance to the commercial food industry for selecting drying techniques based on desired odor qualities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.71380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T03:31:42Z","timestamp":1787369502000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Thermal and Freeze\u2010Drying on the Volatile Composition of Mountain Horopito (\n                    <i>Pseudowintera colorata<\/i>\n                    ) and Kawakawa (\n                    <i>Piper excelsum<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth Eilidh","family":"Ham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lincoln University  Lincoln New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Subbaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteins and Metabolites, AgResearch Group Bioeconomy Science Institute  Lincoln New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2676-4044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santanu","family":"Deb\u2010Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteins and Metabolites, AgResearch Group Bioeconomy Science Institute  Lincoln New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keegan","family":"Burrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lincoln University  Lincoln New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James David","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lincoln University  Lincoln New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1482-2438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damir D.","family":"Torrico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrystal","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lincoln University  Lincoln New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyla","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteins and Metabolites, AgResearch Group Bioeconomy Science Institute  Lincoln New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2036-316X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina E.","family":"Realini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Technology &amp; Processing, AgResearch Group Bioeconomy Science Institute  Palmerston North New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07373937.2011.606519"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014\u20108396"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Food Processing Handbook","author":"Brennan J. G.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.5000600709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"549","article-title":"New Zealand Phytochemical Survey 12. The Essential Oils of Some New Zealand Species","volume":"18","author":"Briggs L. H.","year":"1975","journal-title":"New Zealand Journal of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.04.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2012.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2740091108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024\u20103205(01)01387\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"Field Guide to New Zealand's Native Trees","author":"Dawson J.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217\u2010002\u20100529\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf011573d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf020805l"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.1921"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306\u2010019\u20101493\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2666192"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"FEMA.2026.D\u2010Limonene.FEMA.https:\/\/www.femaflavor.org\/flavor\u2010library\/d\u2010limonene."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2010.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jarmap.2016.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15835\/nbha48412145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/compounds6010004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2024.114763"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13192675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23986\/afsci.72194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750\u20103841.70050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25112598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2018.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2657072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235168"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14111996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","volume-title":"The Forager's Treasury","author":"Knox J.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf000136g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48130\/bpr\u20100025\u20100018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11060744"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es9810641"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.7b03221"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2016.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2008.0103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.1703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14010019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9122576"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2014.958564"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2012.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2017.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fpf2.12038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1533\/9780857095671.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750\u20103841.70956"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.109254"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200700425"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods5040070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joss.12012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2009.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","unstructured":"The Good Scents Company.2026.The Good Scents Company Information System.Good Scents Company.https:\/\/thegoodscentscompany.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su151511592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11193016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","volume-title":"Te Rongoa Maori: Maori Medicine","author":"Williams P. M. E.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146617"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102621.2000.tb09394.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpe.12204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2024.109674"}],"container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71380","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71380","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71380","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T04:22:55Z","timestamp":1787977375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71380"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1750-3841.71380"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71380","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1147","1750-3841"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1147","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-3841","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71380"}}