{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:56:48Z","timestamp":1790567808826,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31802131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31802131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20241081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20241081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study investigated the protective effects of alfalfa polysaccharide fraction II (APS\u2010II) on immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in mice. APS\u2010II was extracted using ultrasound\u2010assisted enzymatic extraction method and purified by DEAE\u201052 cellulose chromatography. Its structural characteristics, including molecular weight (Mw), monosaccharide composition, and thermal stability, were analyzed. A CTX\u2010induced immunosuppressed mouse model was established to evaluate the effects of APS\u2010II on immune organ indices, serum cytokines, antioxidant indicators in liver and spleen tissues, and intestinal microbiota. Results showed that APS\u2010II, with main Mw of 28.05\u00a0kDa, consisted of glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, glucuronic acid, and rhamnose in the molar ratio of 8.04:1.22:1.18:0.92:1:0.06. Treatment with medium and high doses of APS\u2010II significantly restored thymus and spleen indices (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.05), increased serum cytokine levels of interleukin\u20102 (IL\u20102), interleukin\u20101 beta (IL\u20101\u03b2), and interferon\u2010gamma (IFN\u2010\u03b3) (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.05), and ameliorated spleen and thymus histopathology. Antioxidant parameters of total antioxidant capacity (T\u2010AOC), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) were elevated, and malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced, reaching significance at the high dose (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.05). Additionally, APS\u2010II reshaped the gut microbiota by increasing Bacteroidota abundance and reducing the Firmicutes\/Bacteroidota ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.05), enriching Muribaculaceae and\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.01), while decreasing potentially pathogenic Rikenellaceae. In conclusion, APS\u2010II provides significant protection against CTX\u2010induced immunosuppression and holds promise as a functional food ingredient for immune health.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical Applications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alfalfa polysaccharide fraction II (APS\u2010II) exerts a protective effect on mice with CTX\u2010induced immunosuppression, laying the scientific foundation for its development as an immunomodulatory ingredient in functional foods and dietary supplements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.71431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T07:12:54Z","timestamp":1788592374000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modulatory Effect of the Alfalfa Polysaccharide Fraction II on Cyclophosphamide\u2010Induced Immunosuppression in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4025-4238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengwei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine and Bioengineering Yancheng Institute of Technology  Yancheng P. 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