{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:56:51Z","timestamp":1790567811815,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gallic acid (GA)\u2010copper nanozymes were prepared at GA:Cu\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      stoichiometric ratios ranging from 1:1 to 5:1 to elucidate how stoichiometry governs coordination assembly, colloidal stability, electronic structure, peroxidase\u2010like catalysis, and antibacterial activity. Among all formulations, the 2:1 sample exhibited the smallest hydrodynamic diameter (95.65 \u00b1 4.20\u00a0nm), the lowest polydispersity index (0.19 \u00b1 0.01), and the most negative zeta potential (\u221227.7 \u00b1 2.80\u00a0mV), indicating superior dispersion stability. Morphological and XRD analyses revealed a relatively uniform, weakly aggregated, and predominantly amorphous metal\u2010phenolic network. FT\u2010IR, 2D\u2010COS, UV\u2010Vis, and XPS collectively confirmed Cu\u2500O coordination and stoichiometry\u2010dependent modulation of the local electronic environment; the appearance of a new absorption band near 320\u00a0nm was attributed to ligand\u2010to\u2010metal charge transfer. The 2:1 nanozyme also showed the highest peroxidase\u2010like activity, with Km values of 0.034\u00a0mM for TMB and 4.39\u00a0mM for H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      . EPR analysis verified \u00b7OH generation during H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      activation. DFT, BCP, and IGMH analyses further demonstrated that the optimal 2:1 configuration adopted the most stable coordination mode, with the lowest bond energy (\u221269.8834\u00a0kcal\/mol) and a HOMO\u2010LUMO gap of 5.7082\u00a0eV. In antibacterial assays, the optimized nanozyme exhibited concentration\u2010dependent killing against both\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which was markedly enhanced in the presence of H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      . These results establish a stoichiometry\u2010guided structure\u2010performance relationship for GA\u2010Cu nanozymes and demonstrate that stoichiometric regulation is an important design parameter for optimizing their coordination structure, colloidal stability, and catalytic activity. Overall, the optimized GA\u2010Cu\n                      <jats:sub>2:1<\/jats:sub>\n                      formulation provides a rational basis for further development and evaluation of metal\u2010phenolic catalytic antibacterial materials for potential food\u2010safety applications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical Applications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Utilizes naturally abundant gallic acid and copper ions as sustainable, low\u2010cost raw materials for nanozyme construction. Stoichiometric regulation (GA:Cu\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 2:1) achieves an optimal coordination structure, colloidal stability, and peroxidase\u2010like activity, enabling enhanced ROS\u2010mediated antibacterial efficacy. Offers a biocompatible, catalytic antibacterial system for active food packaging or antimicrobial coatings to extend the shelf life of chilled meat and other perishable foods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.71436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T16:49:30Z","timestamp":1788540570000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stoichiometric Regulation of Gallic Acid\u2010Copper Nanozymes for Optimized Coordination Structure, Peroxidase\u2010Like Activity, and Antibacterial Performance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Lili","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Bioengineering, International Joint Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Safety Control of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Product 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