{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:56:46Z","timestamp":1790567806216,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Conventional food safety training has long been the primary approach for educating food handlers; however, gamification has emerged as an innovative strategy to enhance food safety learning and help prevent the risk of foodborne illnesses. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of gamification in food safety training by synthesizing the available evidence on its impact on educational outcomes, engagement, motivation, and food safety behavior compared with conventional instructional approaches. This systematic review followed the PRISMA\u2010P methodology to screen and retrieve peer\u2010reviewed articles published between 2006 and 2025 from databases including Web of Science and Scopus. Among the eight identified studies, the reported interventions primarily used web\u2010based games, simulation activities, serious games, and gamified training platforms targeting topics such as hygiene, cross\u2010contamination prevention, cooking temperatures, microbiological risks, and HACCP principles. Most studies employed quasi\u2010experimental or randomized controlled designs and reported positive educational outcomes, including enhanced self\u2010efficacy, behavioral awareness, problem\u2010solving skills, and compliance with food safety practices. The findings suggest that gamification could offer a promising approach for food safety education; however, the current data remain inconclusive because of the limited number of heterogeneous studies and the lack of high\u2010quality evidence assessing long\u2010term behavioral change. It is suggested that future research could benefit from developing inclusive, AI\u2010enhanced gamified food safety training tools that provide personalized, multilingual, culturally adapted, and literacy\u2010sensitive learning experiences while integrating adaptive feedback, real\u2010time analytics, and immersive technologies to improve accessibility, engagement, and long\u2010term behavioral change across diverse populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.71442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:19:00Z","timestamp":1788542340000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Effectiveness of Gamification in Food Safety Training: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Alexandria Nivelle","family":"Mekanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science Western Sydney University  Richmond New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4130-1726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christelle","family":"Bou\u2010Mitri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences Notre Dame University \u2010 Louaize  Zouk Mosbeh Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40692\u2010026\u201000387\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics6030032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13050794"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010psych\u2010113011\u2010143823"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2018.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41539-021-00103-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.01.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.750711"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.109415"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2015.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239\u2010017\u20100042\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2022.805687"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440231218834"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/12994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106946"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2014.377"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Contributing Factors of Foodborne Illness Outbreaks\u2014United States, 2014\u20132022","volume":"74","author":"Holst M. M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0735633119878615"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info17030282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073550"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2022.108139"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaa047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423\u2010024\u201010351\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423\u2010023\u201010366\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1253549"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","unstructured":"Mac Namee B. P.Rooney P.Lindstrom A.Ritchie F.Boylan andG.Burke.2008. \u201cSerious Gordon: Using Serious Games to Teach Food Safety in the Kitchen.\u201d In Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Consumer Communication and Networking Conference (CCNC 2008) 1\u20135.IEEE."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e12853"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11159-024-10111-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2020.107661"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e19885"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2020.107089"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909\u2010024\u201006531\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/00070701311331443"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12101972"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2024.1383534"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648\u2010019\u201009498\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14162803"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2023.111893"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11159\u2010024\u201010111\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239\u2010017\u20100062\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109019810002700506"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).2026. \u201cUnsafe Food Causes 866 Million Illnesses and 1.5 Million Deaths Annually Young Children at Highest Risk.\u201d Published June 4.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/04\u201006\u20102026\u2010unsafe\u2010food\u2010causes\u2010866\u2010million\u2010illnesses\u2010and\u20101.5\u2010million\u2010deaths\u2010annually\u2013young\u2010children\u2010at\u2010highest\u2010risk."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2017.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362\u2010028X.JFP\u201019\u2010108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhlste.2018.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2020.100326"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.13403"}],"container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71442","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71442","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71442","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:24:45Z","timestamp":1790565885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71442"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1750-3841.71442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71442","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1147","1750-3841"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1147","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-3841","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71442"}}