{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:50:52Z","timestamp":1791517852199,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Collagen, the predominant structural protein in skin, is essential for maintaining elasticity and delaying aging. With age\u2010related collagen depletion, enhancing its biosynthesis, particularly via natural bioactive compounds, has attracted scientific and commercial attention. Here, we investigated the collagen\u2010promoting activity of edible flowers by assessing their matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition and collagen content change. Among 28 tested flower extracts,\n                      <jats:italic>Camellia sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CSK) exhibited the strongest MMP inhibition (&gt;75%) and significantly increased collagen content in\n                      <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). UHPLC\u2010QE\u2010MS analysis identified astragalin, a polyphenol, as the key active compound, which outperformed controls (vitamin C, VC) by elevating collagen levels via mitophagy activation, adenosine triphosphate\/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (ATP\/NADPH) modulation, and oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species, ROS) reduction. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy with chloroquine attenuated the astragalin\u2010associated increase in collagen content. In conclusion, our results support that CSK extract and its active constituent astragalin promote collagen production through mitophagy\u2010mediated NADPH metabolic regulation, offering a novel mechanism of collagen enhancement and highlighting the potential of plant\u2010derived polyphenols in dermatological research.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.71503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:29:05Z","timestamp":1791516545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Astragalin From\n                    <i>Camellia sinensis<\/i>\n                    Flowers Increases Collagen Content Alongside Autophagy\u2010Related Mitochondrial Metabolic Changes in\n                    <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Qiannan","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro\u2010Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro\u2010Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kejie","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro\u2010Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro\u2010Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binhai","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiseido China Innovation Center  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daoxin","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiseido China Innovation Center  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yansong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro\u2010Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro\u2010Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangtie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro\u2010Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro\u2010Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7573-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baiyi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro\u2010Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro\u2010Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.10.038","article-title":"Collagen Prolyl Hydroxylases Are Bifunctional Growth Regulators in Melanoma","volume":"139","author":"Atkinson A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Investigative Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2022.2093026","article-title":"Autophagy Loss Impedes Cancer\u2010Associated Fibroblast Activation via Downregulating Proline Biosynthesis","volume":"19","author":"Bai J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2098","article-title":"Skin Ageing and Its Treatment","volume":"211","author":"Baumann L.","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12178","article-title":"Mitochondria and Ageing: Role in Heart, Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue","volume":"8","author":"Boengler K.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-025-00856-x","article-title":"Targeting the Sirtuin 6\u2013NF\u2010\u03baB p65 Axis by 6\u2010hydroxyhyoscyamine Hydrobromide: A Deacetylation\u2010Driven New Therapy for Diabetic Wounds","volume":"31","author":"Chen J.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1265960","article-title":"Astragalin: A Food\u2010Origin Flavonoid With Therapeutic Effect for Multiple Diseases","volume":"14","author":"Chen J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO03006C","article-title":"Eucommia Ulmoides Male Flower as a Remarkable Edible Floral Resource Exerts Lifespan\/Healthspan\u2010Promoting Effects on Caenorhabditis Elegans","volume":"14","author":"Chen Q.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food & Function"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","article-title":"NAD+ Redox Imbalance in the Heart Exacerbates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy","volume":"14","author":"Chiao Y. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation: Heart Failure"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2016.2604","article-title":"Biological Effects of Rutin on Skin Aging","volume":"38","author":"Choi S. J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13121476","article-title":"Chemical Profile and Promising Applications of Cucurbita Pepo L. flowers","volume":"13","author":"di Lorenzo R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R3206","article-title":"Uncovering the Conditionally Essential Roles of NAD Kinases in Human Cells","volume":"36","author":"Flickinger K. M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"1878","article-title":"Resveratrol Suppresses Melanoma Growth by Promoting Autophagy Through Inhibiting the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR Signaling Pathway Retraction in \/10.3892\/Etm.2024.12668","volume":"19","author":"Gong C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2018.06.004","article-title":"CD44\u2010dependent Inflammation, Fibrogenesis, and Collagenolysis Regulates Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Tensile Strength During Cutaneous Wound Healing","volume":"75","author":"Govindaraju P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Matrix Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10111663","article-title":"Oral Administration of Rosa Gallica Prevents UVB\u2212Induced Skin Aging Through Targeting the c\u2212Raf Signaling Axis","volume":"10","author":"Jo S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.06.011","article-title":"Tea Polyphenols for Health Promotion","volume":"81","author":"Khan N.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2010.03.002","article-title":"Physiological Role of Autophagy as an Intracellular Recycling System: With an Emphasis on Nutrient Metabolism","volume":"21","author":"Kuma A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-017-2490-6","article-title":"Roles of Dietary Glycine, Proline, and Hydroxyproline in Collagen Synthesis and Animal Growth","volume":"50","author":"Li P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2022.0073","article-title":"Lysosome Inhibition Reduces Basal and Nutrient\u2010Induced Fat Accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"45","author":"Lu R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules and Cells"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT_915_17","article-title":"In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Cardamom Oil, Lemon Oil, and Jasmine Oil on Human Skin, Gastric, and Brain Cancer Cell Line","volume":"17","author":"Manjunath C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering8050063","article-title":"Collagen in Wound Healing","volume":"8","author":"Mathew\u2010Steiner S. 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A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557523666230816090054","article-title":"Mechanism of Action of Collagen and Epidermal Growth Factor: A Review on Theory and Research Methods","volume":"24","author":"Shahrajabian M. 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W.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dose\u2010Response"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-133","article-title":"(+)\u2010Catechin Protects Dermal Fibroblasts Against Oxidative Stress\u2010Induced Apoptosis","volume":"14","author":"Tanigawa T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics9010004","article-title":"Encapsulated Activated Grape Seed Extract: A Novel Formulation With Anti\u2010Aging, Skin\u2010Brightening, and Hydration Properties","volume":"9","author":"Tao K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00374-y","article-title":"Mitochondrial NADP+ Is Essential for Proline Biosynthesis During Cell Growth","volume":"3","author":"Tran D. H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2014.03.036","article-title":"Galloyl Moieties Enhance the Dentin Biomodification Potential of Plant\u2010Derived Catechins","volume":"10","author":"Vidal C. M. P.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31470","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA05518B","article-title":"Effect of Lemon Peel Flavonoids on UVB\u2010Induced Skin Damage in Mice","volume":"10","author":"Wang J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2013.878738","article-title":"Resveratrol Triggers Protective Autophagy Through the Ceramide\/Akt\/mTOR Pathway in Melanoma B16 Cells","volume":"66","author":"Wang M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrition and Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.174951","article-title":"Itaconate Prolongs the Healthy Lifespan by Activating UPRmt in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"923","author":"Wang Q.","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","volume-title":"Study on the Main Bioactive Compounds Oftea(camellia sinensis)Flower and Its Application Perspectives","author":"Weng W.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7250","DOI":"10.1039\/C4AY00437J","article-title":"Comparative pharmacokinetics With Single Substances and Semen Cuscutae Extract After Oral Administration and Intravenous Administration Semen Cuscutae Extract and Single Hyperoside and Astragalin to Rats","volume":"6","author":"Yang X.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Analytical Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","article-title":"Measurement of Intracellular ROS in Caenorhabditis elegans Using 2',7'\u2010dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate","volume":"8","author":"Yoon D. 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