{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T06:33:54Z","timestamp":1793082834714,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The growing demand for sustainable and health\u2010promoting products has increased scientific and industrial interest in edible flowers as functional ingredients. Rose (\n                      <jats:italic>Rosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.) and roselle (\n                      <jats:italic>Hibiscus sabdariffa<\/jats:italic>\n                      L.) have gained attention for their traditional use, diverse phytochemical composition, and emerging applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. Much existing literature treats these species descriptively, reporting compositional data without critically addressing the safety, regulatory, and standardization barriers constraining industrial adoption. This review evaluates their nutritional composition, phytochemical profiles, and techno\u2010functional properties, while critically addressing cultivar\u2010level compositional variability, food safety (natural toxic compounds, microbial risk, pesticide residues), allergenicity, extraction methodology standardization, regional regulatory frameworks, and post\u2010harvest industrial standardization. Rose petals are characterized by volatile terpenoids, flavonol glycosides, and phenolic acids linked to sensory quality and antioxidant activity; documented safety concerns centre on pesticide residue risk from dual ornamental\/food\u2010crop cultivation and oil adulteration. Roselle calyces are rich in anthocyanins, organic acids, polysaccharides, and minerals, supporting use as natural colorants, acidulants, and stabilizers, though cyanogenic glycoside variability, microbiological surveillance gaps, and an almost complete absence of allergenicity data warrant attention. Roselle seed protein, proposed as a functional ingredient, lacks allergenicity characterization. Applications in beverages, bakery products, gels, and cosmetics demonstrate commercial potential, but broader adoption remains limited by compositional variability, bioactive instability, and a persistent gap between demonstrated technical feasibility and adopted, food\u2010relevant standards for extraction, quality control, and regulatory harmonization. Future research should prioritize dose\u2010specific toxicological and allergenicity data, validated extraction protocols, and deliberate prioritization of edible flowers within regulatory and standardization mechanisms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.71524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:00:13Z","timestamp":1792407613000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Edible Rose and Roselle: A Critical Review of Nutritional Composition, Safety, and Regulatory Considerations for Product Development"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7453-6426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Temilola","family":"Dada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Science Division of Quality and Sensory of Plant Products Georg\u2010August\u2010University G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4574-6733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Neugart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Science Division of Quality and Sensory of Plant Products Georg\u2010August\u2010University G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2508-918X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Layla","family":"Engelhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Science Division of Quality and Sensory of Plant Products Georg\u2010August\u2010University G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"Evaluation of Microbial Contamination in Rose Water Samples Extracted From Rosa damascena Petals","volume":"10","author":"Abidi S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjn.2006.555.557"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399\u2010023\u201003881\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojapps.2022.126066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.201100067"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"808","article-title":"Organic Acids Composition of Different Parts of the Medicinal Plant\/Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa)","volume":"6","author":"Al\u2010Wandawi H.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological & Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109646"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1628"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Exploring Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) 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