{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T06:33:29Z","timestamp":1793082809398,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), the 4\u2010hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1, is excreted in the milk of lactating animals fed AFB1\u2010contaminated feed and is of public\u2010health concern because of its well\u2010documented thermal stability during dairy processing. In this study, a matrix\u2010specific extraction, immunoaffinity clean\u2010up, and HPLC\u2010fluorescence detection method were developed and validated for AFM1 in khoa, a traditional heat\u2010desiccated Indian dairy product. The method was linear (R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2265 0.999) over 0.25\u201320\u00a0\u00b5g kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      , with satisfactory recoveries (83%\u2013102%) and precision (RSD \u2264 6.4 %). Experimentally verified limits of detection and quantification were 0.08 and 0.25\u00a0\u00b5g kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      , respectively. Applying the validated method to AFM1\u2010spiked milk (0.25\u201320\u00a0\u00b5g kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) undergoing laboratory\u2010scale\n                      <jats:italic>khoa<\/jats:italic>\n                      manufacture revealed two distinct outcomes: first, a substantial reduction in recoverable AFM1 (63.08%\u201367.82%) on a total mass basis, likely associated with thermal degradation and\/or reduced extractability due to irreversible matrix binding; second, despite this mass loss, moisture evaporation resulted in a net 1.6\u20101.9\u2010fold increase in AFM1 concentration per kg in the finished\n                      <jats:italic>khoa<\/jats:italic>\n                      . HPLC\u2010FLD and ELISA cross\u2010validation results were not significantly different (paired\n                      <jats:italic>t\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                      test,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.412;\n                      <jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic>\n                      15). These findings establish that thermal processing during\n                      <jats:italic>khoa<\/jats:italic>\n                      manufacture does not completely eliminate AFM1 and that moisture\u2010driven concentration can increase its final concentration per unit weight, highlighting an urgent need for product\u2010specific regulatory limits for heat\u2010concentrated dairy products.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.71530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:38:42Z","timestamp":1791556722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fate and Concentration Behavior of Aflatoxin M1 During\n                    <i>Khoa<\/i>\n                    Manufacture: Development and Validation of a Matrix\u2010Specific HPLC\u2010FLD Method"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Prince","family":"Dhanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Chemistry Division ICAR\u2010National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI)  Karnal Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2542-2299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamal","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Chemistry Division ICAR\u2010National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI)  Karnal Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghu Hrikyathahalli","family":"Vishweswaraiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Microbiology Division ICAR\u2010National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI)  Karnal Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Devi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Microbiology Division ICAR\u2010National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI)  Karnal Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajan","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Chemistry Division ICAR\u2010National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI)  Karnal Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Bajaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Chemistry Division ICAR\u2010National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI)  Karnal Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonu K.","family":"Shivanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Chemistry Division ICAR\u2010National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI)  Karnal Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goutam","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Nutrition Division ICAR\u2010National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI)  Karnal Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019\u2010557X.96985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/cjast\/2021\/v40i931352"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"Effect of Chilling and Heating on Aflatoxin M1 Content of Contaminated Indian Cow's Milk","volume":"26","author":"Choudhary P. L.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2026.118692"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jics.2026.103057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15569543.2021.1979044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Official Control of Aflatoxins in Food and Feed (SANTE\/12682\/2023)","author":"European Commission","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2011.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"FSSAI 01.003.2022.Manual of methods of analysis of foods: Milk and milk products. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"Manual of Methods of Analysis of Foods: Mycotoxins (Revised Ed.)","author":"FSSAI","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0265203021000007831"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1940-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-4167-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197\u2010022\u201005587\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471\u20100307.13136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"IARC.2012. \u201cAflatoxins.\u201d InA Review of Human Carcinogens: Chemical Agents and Related Occupations. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 100F 225.World Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2012.05.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2013.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Pasteurisation and Fermentation Effects on Aflatoxin M1stability","volume":"61","author":"Jasutiene I.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Milchwissenschaft"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.107991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci8030046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.202001183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.125984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550\u2010016\u20100265\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2017.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.10.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Recent Trends in Rapid Diagnostic Techniques for Milk Quality and Safety Assessment","volume":"65","author":"Prince S. K.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Animal Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Paper\u2010Based Assay for the Rapid Detection of Boric Acid in Milk","author":"Pahsyntiew J.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3358\/shokueishi.52.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2023.110149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foohum.2024.100239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoacint\/qsaa164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15030195"}],"container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71530","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71530","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71530","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T05:46:37Z","timestamp":1793079997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71530"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1750-3841.71530"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71530","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1147","1750-3841"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1147","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-3841","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71530"}}