{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T06:33:25Z","timestamp":1793082805501,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Beta\u2010cypermethrin (\u03b2\u2010CYP) is a widely used pyrethroid insecticide, whereas ethyl carbamate (EC) is a processing\u2010derived contaminant in fermented foods. This mechanism\u2010oriented in vitro study examined cellular responses to EC, \u03b2\u2010CYP, and their combination in Caco\u20102 cells; the concentrations were substantially higher than typical dietary exposure and were not intended for quantitative risk assessment. Cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, wound closure, and mitochondrial membrane potential (\u0394\u03a8m) were evaluated via CCK\u20108, AO\/EB staining, flow cytometry, wound\u2010healing, and JC\u20101 assays. Network toxicology, molecular docking, RNA sequencing (RNA\u2010seq), and quantitative real\u2010time PCR (qRT\u2010PCR) were integrated to generate mechanistic hypotheses. EC and \u03b2\u2010CYP each reduced cell viability, wound closure, and \u0394\u03a8m in a concentration\u2010dependent manner. To rigorously determine the interaction type, a 2 \u00d7 2 factorial design coupled with two\u2010way ANOVA was employed. Co\u2010exposure exhibited an additive trend for cell viability and cell cycle (G\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/G\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) arrest (interaction\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05), whereas significant synergistic interactions were observed for apoptosis, impaired wound closure, and loss of \u0394\u03a8m (interaction\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Although CI values for viability were below 1, they were considered only as exploratory references due to extrapolation beyond the observed response range, and were not treated as statistically demonstrated synergism. Bioinformatic analyses implicated stress\u2010response and cell\u2010fate pathways, including PI3K\u2013Akt, MAPK, FoxO, and TGF\u2010\u03b2, but do not establish direct target engagement or colorectal cancer causation. Overall, co\u2010exposure enhanced Caco\u20102 cell injury under the tested conditions. These findings support further mixture\u2010toxicity studies at exposure\u2010relevant concentrations but cannot be directly extrapolated to human dietary risk.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.71533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:38:07Z","timestamp":1791391087000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhanced Cytotoxicity and Mechanistic Responses to Co\u2010Exposure to the Pesticide \u03b2\u2010Cypermethrin and the Foodborne Contaminant Ethyl Carbamate in Caco\u20102 Cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of the Evaluation and Monitoring of Southwest Land Resources (Ministry of Education) Sichuan Normal University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"},{"name":"College of Life Science Sichuan Normal University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huayue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science Sichuan Normal University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenbing","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science Sichuan Normal University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of the Evaluation and Monitoring of Southwest Land Resources (Ministry of Education) Sichuan Normal University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"},{"name":"College of Life Science Sichuan Normal University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1105-6208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of the Evaluation and Monitoring of Southwest Land Resources (Ministry of Education) Sichuan Normal University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"},{"name":"College of Life Science Sichuan Normal University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of the Evaluation and Monitoring of Southwest Land Resources (Ministry of Education) Sichuan Normal University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"},{"name":"College of Life Science Sichuan Normal University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204636"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356\u2010019\u201006037\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010ento\u2010120811\u2010153645"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272\u2010013\u20100104\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S176833"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016\u20105085(12)62041\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.12.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmy068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.049072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165\u20101218(96)00160\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.137333"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.2006.Evaluation of Certain Food Contaminants. WHO Technical Report Series.World Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204\u2010010\u20100535\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.11757"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541\u20104337.13321"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c01687"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/or.2024.047309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116342"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2019.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2427\/5902"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"Mueller U. L.Lenton andDavid.Ray.2006. \u201cCypermethrin (Including Alpha\u2010 And Zeta\u2010Cypermethrin).\u201d(First draft).\" Joint Meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and the WHO Core Assessment Group on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) Rome Italy.https:\/\/apps.who.int\/pesticide\u2010residues\u2010jmpr\u2010database\/pesticide?name=CYPERMETHRINS%20%28including%20alpha\u2010%20and%20zeta\u2010%20cypermethrin%29."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2012.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.650808"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S353380"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5604\/12321966.1196863"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204\u2010016\u20101864\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2023.2299305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.4c00439"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12203816"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb0502\u2010e131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032788"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22429"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2021.104938"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135566"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.03.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12163129"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfab056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/142461"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2016.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.08.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13070827"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.123530"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102349"}],"container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71533","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71533","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71533","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T05:46:41Z","timestamp":1793080001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1750-3841.71533"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1750-3841.71533","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1147","1750-3841"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1147","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-3841","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71533"}}