{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T06:33:35Z","timestamp":1793082815624,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study evaluated how lipid\u2010based food formulations affect sequential determinants of predicted intestinal absorption using silybin from milk thistle and vitamin A from moringa extract as model lipophilic compounds. Milk thistle powder, an excipient\u2010based milk thistle formulation, and the excipient\u2010based milk thistle formulation combined with piperine or MK\u2010571 were subjected to in vitro digestion and Caco\u20102 transport assays. Moringa extract, powder\u2010based lecithin liposomes, and liquid\u2010based lecithin liposomes were evaluated for vitamin A dissolution, retinyl acetate\u2010to\u2010retinol conversion, digestive recovery, and epithelial transport. The excipient\u2010based milk thistle formulation had only a minor effect on silybin digestive recovery (approximately 13.9%\u201316.0%) but increased silybin apparent permeability from approximately 1.3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                      <jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0cm\/s for milk thistle powder to approximately 3.6\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                      <jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0cm\/s for the excipient\u2010based formulation. Piperine reduced the efflux ratio of silybin in the direct transport model, but this effect was not retained after digestion. In contrast, powder\u2010based moringa liposomes markedly increased predigestion vitamin A dissolution (70.86% of the initial amount) and total vitamin A digestive recovery (47.81%), but did not produce the highest short\u2010term basolateral transport. These findings suggest that lipid\u2010based food formulations can shift the apparent rate\u2010limiting step of predicted intestinal absorption in a compound\u2010 and matrix\u2010dependent manner.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical Applications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides a practical framework for developing functional foods containing poorly soluble bioactives. Sequential digestion and Caco\u20102 transport testing can help food companies select formulations based on the apparent rate\u2010limiting step of each bioactive ingredient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.71555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T09:02:31Z","timestamp":1791968551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lipid\u2010Based Formulations Reveal a Bioaccessibility\u2013Permeability Mismatch in Lipophilic Functional Food Bioactives"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Ho\u2010Young","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Sejong University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun\u2010Sil","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare 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