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Colitis can be caused by bacterial infections, ileitis can result from <jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> infections and ileocolonic ulcers can be seen in intestinal tuberculosis and amebiasis. In addition, cytomegalovirus and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>lostridium difficile<\/jats:italic> infection may mimic a flare of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content> and their presence is associated with an increased risk of colectomy and mortality. Because of the increasing use of corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs and biological agents the risk of opportunistic infection and the reactivation of latent infection including tuberculosis and hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>, are also higher in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Screening and prevention of infection, timely vaccination and the education of the patient is paramount before initiating immunosuppressive drugs. 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