{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T12:36:44Z","timestamp":1751459804508},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]],"date-time":"2016-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":76,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Digest Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prevalence of elevated antibodies and histological changes of celiac disease (CD) on intestinal biopsies among first\u2010degree relatives (FDR) of Iranian children with known CD and to describe the characteristics of the affected FDR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The FDR of 119 patients with CD in Iran were tested for tissue transglutaminase (TTG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels. Upper endoscopy and duodenal biopsy were recommended to those with elevated TTG\u2010IgA antibodies. The characteristics and clinical features of all CD patients were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altogether 480 FDR (52.7% females) participated in the study, of whom 63 had an elevated TTG\u2010IgA and 44 consented to undergo endoscopy with biopsies. Histology revealed Marsh 0 in six, Marsh I in seven, Marsh II in four and Marsh III in 27. Most of those with Marsh II or III changes were siblings (26\/31). The prevalence of TTG\u2010IgA positivity among FDR was 13.1% and for biopsy\u2010confirmed CD (Marsh II and III) it was 6.5%. Most FDR with CD had symptoms, with the most common being abdominal pain (45.0%), followed by musculoskeletal pain (35.5%) and constipation (25.8%). FDR with Marsh III changes had significantly higher levels of TTG\u2010IgA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of CD in FDR in Iran is much higher compared with the general population (6.5% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 0.5\u20130.6%). Testing should be considered for all FDR of Iranian patients with known CD and in particular in symptomatic cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]],"date-time":"2016-08-25T13:27:21Z","timestamp":1472131641000},"page":"685-691","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of celiac disease in first\u2010degree relative of children in Sistan and Baluchestan province (Iran)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Touran","family":"Shahraki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Research Center for Children and Adolescent Health  Zahedan Islamic Republic of Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivor","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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