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It is also often self\u2010limiting, although in certain populations especially immunosuppressed patients, it can cause severe infections, leading to acute to fulminant hepatic failure. In addition, some isolated cases of fulminant disease in immunocompetent individuals have been reported. As the presentation is frequently non\u2010specific, it is important to maintain a high level of suspicion for these viral etiologies and start empiric therapy with antiviral agents as soon as possible. Liver transplantation is the last resort. Mortality remains high in fulminant hepatic failure caused by <jats:italic>Herpesviridae<\/jats:italic> without liver transplantation. Here we review the literatures on hepatitis caused by three members of the <jats:italic>Herpesviridae<\/jats:italic> family, cytomegalovirus, Epstein\u2013Barr virus and herpes simplex virus to discuss the epidemiology, diagnostic methods, clinical features and current management, and also to determine which aspects need to be investigated in further detail. <jats:italic>Herpesviridae<\/jats:italic>\u2010mediated acute liver failure is rare but is associated with a poor prognosis, even after early treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]],"date-time":"2018-06-20T10:37:43Z","timestamp":1529491063000},"page":"446-455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Hepatitis caused by herpes viruses: A review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8182-9157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arish","family":"Noor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Connecticut Health Center  Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amruta","family":"Panwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Connecticut Health Center  Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faripour","family":"Forouhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Connecticut Health Center  Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George Y","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine University of Connecticut Health Center  Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/508173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.890945"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.680-715.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568008013341334"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-5-47"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.1.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-012-0209-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(99)00085-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i4.647"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1997.tb00794.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2016.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1984.tb00926.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.03257.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/523590"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1001116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022592801060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23489"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05122.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.00806.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.smj.0000216469.04854.2a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1995.tb09952.x","article-title":"Haemolytic anaemia complicating Epstein\u2013Barr virus infection","volume":"49","author":"Whitelaw F","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199407000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212103272403"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90246-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Fatal infectious mononucleosis. 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