{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T05:22:30Z","timestamp":1754112150503,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,22]],"date-time":"2019-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004919","name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A\u2010T\u201032\u201048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A\u2010T\u201032\u201048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004919","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Digest Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>It remains unknown what degree of risk is conferred by celiac disease (CD)\u2010predisposing human leukocyte antigen (HLA)\u2010DQ genotypes in Saudi Arabia compared with in Western countries. In this study, we aimed to determine the CD risk gradient associated with the HLA\u2010DQ genotypes and to compare HLA\u2010DQ genotypes between symptomatic patients with CD and screening\u2010identified asymptomatic CD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled three groups of subjects, including 46 CD children diagnosed consecutively over the past 10\u2009years, 54 CD children diagnosed during a mass screening of schoolchildren, and 192 healthy controls. All the participants were typed for the <jats:italic>HLA\u2010D<\/jats:italic>Q<jats:italic>A1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HLA\u2010D<\/jats:italic>Q<jats:italic>B1<\/jats:italic> genes by polymerase chain reaction sequence\u2010specific oligonucleotide probes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparing the patients with CD to controls, we identified 5 groups in the CD risk gradient: (i) very high risk associated with the <jats:italic>DQ2.5\/DQ8<\/jats:italic> genotype (odds ratio [OR] 46.93); (ii) high risk (<jats:italic>homozygous DQ2.5, DQ2.5\/DQ2.2<\/jats:italic>; OR 4.12\u20105.04); (iii) intermediate risk (<jats:italic>heterozygous DQ2.5<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>DQ8\/DQ2.2<\/jats:italic>; OR 1.61 and 1.67); (iv) low risk (<jats:italic>DQ8, DQ2.2<\/jats:italic>); and (v) very low risk (<jats:italic>DQ2.x<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>DQX.5<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>DQX.x<\/jats:italic>). <jats:italic>Heterozygous DQ8<\/jats:italic> was more common in screening\u2010identified group compared to symptomatic patients (13.0% vs 2.2%); however, other genotypes were very similar between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The highest risk of developing CD in our Saudi Arabia population is associated with the <jats:italic>DQ2.5\/DQ8<\/jats:italic> genotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T06:10:36Z","timestamp":1568009436000},"page":"602-608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["HLA\u2010DQ genotypes relative risks for celiac disease in Arabs: A case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4512-9070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Al\u2010Hussaini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Children's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"College of Medicine Alfaisal University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nezar","family":"Eltayeb\u2010Elsheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Immunology King Fahad Medical City  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanan","family":"Alharthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Immunology King Fahad Medical City  Riyadh Saudi 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Medical City  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammed Salman","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Research Services Administration Research Center at King Fahad Medical City  Riyadh Saudi 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