{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T20:05:09Z","timestamp":1770753909605,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Universiti Malaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG274\/10HTM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG274\/10HTM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Universiti Malaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK027\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK027\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Digest Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms in <jats:italic>ATG16L1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IRGM<\/jats:italic> genes and the development of Crohn's disease (CD) in Malaysian patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altogether 335 participants were recruited, including 85 patients with CD and 250 unrelated healthy controls, and their informed consent was obtained. Genomic DNA was extracted via a conventional phenol\u2010chloroform extraction method. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in <jats:italic>ATG16L1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IRGM<\/jats:italic> genes were genotyped using <jats:italic>Taq<\/jats:italic>Man SNP genotyping assays. Associations between SNP and CD were determined using Fisher's exact test, odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval. Statistical power and the Hardy\u2010Weinberg equilibrium were also calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two SNPs (rs2241880 and rs6754677) in the <jats:italic>ATG16L1<\/jats:italic> gene were significantly associated with the onset of CD in the Malaysian population. The A allele and homozygous A\/A genotype of the rs2241880 A\/G polymorphism were protective against CD in the overall Malaysian and Malay population. The G allele and homozygous G\/G genotype of the rs6754677 G\/A polymorphism were protective in the Indian population, whereas the homozygous A\/A genotype showed a risk of developing CD. The homozygous G\/G genotype of <jats:italic>IRGM<\/jats:italic> rs11747270 was significantly present in the controls. However, this significance was not observed in a race\u2010stratified analysis. All three <jats:italic>ATG16L1<\/jats:italic> SNPs were associated with inflamed terminal ileum. IRGM rs4958847 and rs11747270 increased the risk of developing arthritis in patients with CD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found a significant association between SNP, which are located in autophagy\u2010related genes, and CD in a Malaysian population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,26]],"date-time":"2019-10-26T12:43:17Z","timestamp":1572093797000},"page":"29-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Genetic polymorphisms of <i>ATG16L1<\/i> and <i>IRGM<\/i> genes in Malaysian patients with Crohn's disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1528-3990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boon Pin","family":"Kee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Guan","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ching Ching","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Hilmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9965-1561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khean Lee","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kek Heng","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.01.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(52)90025-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"7","author":"Levine JS","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60750-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-305304"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000875"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655200451207"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135245"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3359"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12449"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2000.02212.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in Japan: nationwide epidemiological survey during the year 1991","volume":"30","author":"Morita N","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-10-32"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02158.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i9.1435"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093749"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1205406"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.6.3.11389"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10425170400004104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07383"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2005-6-11-r92"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1129577"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2012.00617.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2011.00533.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12229"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1843"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2009.00374.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-012-0934-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.030205"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21913"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2007.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i2.176"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01694.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2009.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01525.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01660.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10038-007-0156-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20921"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1954"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003391"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303165"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq041"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106863"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.110613"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-12-63"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2008.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2061"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","first-page":"630","article-title":"Confirmation of multiple Crohn's disease susceptibility loci in a large Dutch\u2010Belgian cohort","volume":"104","author":"Weersma RK","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.22972"}],"container-title":["Journal of Digestive Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1751-2980.12829","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1751-2980.12829","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1751-2980.12829","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1751-2980.12829","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T23:45:06Z","timestamp":1694130306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1751-2980.12829"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1751-2980.12829"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1751-2980.12829","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-2972","1751-2980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-2972","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-2980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-11-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}