{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:17:36Z","timestamp":1790630256188,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shaanxi Science and Technology Innovation Team Project","award":["2018TD-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018TD-003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Digest Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the relationship between gastric cancer (GC) and precancerous lesions and bile reflux.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records of 30\u2009465 participants who underwent gastroscopy between January and December 2018 in our center were reviewed. Their age, sex, time of endoscopy, endoscopic\/histologic diagnosis and grade of bile reflux were recorded. The participants were further divided into the chronic gastritis group (n = 27\u2009807), a precancerous lesion group (n = 1943) and a GC group (n = 715). The \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> tests and hierarchical analyses were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients aged 18\u201027\u2009years had a higher bile reflux rate than those aged 28\u201037 and 68\u201075\u2009years (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while it did not differ between patients aged &lt;50\u2009years and those over 50\u2009years (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.639). It was lower in men than in women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The bile reflux rate did not differ in terms of months, seasons and half of the year (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05), but differed between morning and afternoon when they underwent the endoscopy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.000). There was an interrelationship between the severity of gastric mucosal disease and bile reflux grade (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.171). After excluding the effects of sex, age and time of endoscopy on bile reflux, bile reflux rate in chronic gastritis and precancerous lesions was lower than in gastric cancer (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bile reflux may be a risk factor for gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. A high grade of bile reflux may be associated with the progression of gastric mucosal diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T21:36:16Z","timestamp":1584567376000},"page":"222-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["The relationship between gastric cancer, its precancerous lesions and bile reflux: A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4770-1034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi'an Medical University  Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive 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