{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T23:15:36Z","timestamp":1763766936724,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]],"date-time":"2020-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Digest Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine differences in frequencies of vaccine\u2010preventable diseases between alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non\u2010alcoholic liver disease (NALD) patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This population\u2010based cohort study used USA national inpatient sample ICD\u20109 codes from January 2012 to September 2015. Frequencies of admissions for ALD and NALD in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, influenza, herpes zoster virus, varicella zoster virus, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, human papilloma virus, meningococcal meningitis, diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus were measured. Frequencies and patients\u2019 characteristics were compared for ALD and NALD using \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test and multivariate logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no difference in admissions for hepatitis A and pneumococcal pneumonia between the ALD and NALD groups. There were fewer admissions for hepatitis B (1.17% vs 1.80%, odds ratio [OR] 0.64, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u20090.01), herpes zoster (0.12% vs 0.17%, OR 0.69, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u20090.01), influenza (0.16% vs 0.26%, OR 0.59, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u20090.01) and all others (0.005% vs 0.015%, OR 0.36, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) in the ALD group than the NALD group. The extreme all patient refined\u2010diagnosis related groups mortality risk was 15.24% in ALD and 7.77% in NALD admissions (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most frequent vaccine\u2010preventable disease in both groups was hepatitis B. Patients with NALD had higher odds of admissions for hepatitis B, herpes zoster virus, influenza and other vaccine\u2010preventable disease than ALD patients. However, the ALD group had a higher risk of mortality when admitted to hospital with a vaccine\u2010preventable disease than the NALD group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T03:34:16Z","timestamp":1596080056000},"page":"583-592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The important role of immunization in alcoholic and non\u2010alcoholic chronic liver disease: A population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5245-1223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myra","family":"Nasir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine University of Connecticut Health Center  Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela Guerrero","family":"Vinsard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine University of Connecticut Health Center  Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothy","family":"Wakefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Aging University of Connecticut Health Center  Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffi","family":"Karagozian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tufts University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10100","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1211","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"390","author":"GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.07.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1159\/000341126","article-title":"Innate immunity and alcoholic liver disease","volume":"30","author":"Szabo G","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1999.11813480"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/7.2.133"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.1.113","article-title":"Hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis during infection with influenza A","volume":"160","author":"Duchini A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2004.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-012-9365-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e3181fae4e8"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Is hepatitis A more severe in patients with chronic hepatitis B and other chronic liver diseases?","volume":"90","author":"Keeffe EB","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03546.x","article-title":"Recommended adult immunization schedule\u2014United States, 2011","volume":"11","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GhanyMG MorganTR;AASLD\u2010IDSA Hepatitis C Guidance Panel.Hepatitis C Guidance 2019 update: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases\u2013Infectious Diseases Society of America recommendations for testing managing and treating hepatitis C virus infection. 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