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We have previously found that CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells participated in the emperipolesis in AIH. In this study we aimed to clarify the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of emperipolesis in patients with AIH in vitro and in mice with \u03b1\u2010Galactosylceramide (\u03b1\u2010GalCer)\u2010induced acute hepatitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with various chronic liver diseases and healthy controls were co\u2010cultured with hepatic cell lines to induce emperipolesis in vitro. Confocal staining was performed to illustrate the cellular types and potential mechanisms of emperipolesis in AIH. In addition, a murine model of \u03b1\u2010GalCer\u2010induced acute hepatitis that mimics human AIH was used to confirm the role of CD44\/p\u2010ERM\/F\u2010actin in the emperipolesis process in vivo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the co\u2010cultured system of PBMC and hepatic cell line, emperipolesis was observed most commonly in patients with AIH. The main cells participating in emperipolesis were CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, and they penetrated hepatic cells actively via the CD44\/p\u2010ERM\/F\u2010actin pathway. As a result, most CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells engulfed by hepatic cells underwent apoptosis. In the \u03b1\u2010GalCer\u2010induced acute hepatitis model, emperipolesis was observed around the inflammatory foci and was inhibited by the ezrin phosphorylation inhibitor NSC668394. Similarly, activated murine CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells penetrated primary hepatocytes via the CD44\/p\u2010ERM\/F\u2010actin pathway in vitro.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells penetrate hepatic cells actively via the CD44\/p\u2010ERM\/F\u2010actin signaling pathway and undergo apoptosis. This may be a compensatory mechanism to attenuate the overwhelming immune attack in AIH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T04:20:50Z","timestamp":1619756450000},"page":"351-362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["CD8<sup>+<\/sup> T cells actively penetrate hepatocytes via the CD44\/p\u2010ERM\/F\u2010actin pathway in autoimmune hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ju Bo","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 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Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng Rui","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 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