{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:28:22Z","timestamp":1747182502878,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":77,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Digest Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In China, four symptoms of functional gastrointestinal disorders, postprandial fullness, early satiety, bloating, and abdominal distension are commonly and interchangeably expressed as a single chief complaint, \u201cZhang\u201d. In this study we aimed to explore the most efficient method of determining the characteristics of symptoms in such patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consecutive patients with the chief complaint of abdominal \u201cZhang\u201d from December 2017 to June 2018 were included. Their symptom patterns were determined by face\u2010to\u2010face interviews. Patients with a single symptom (postprandial fullness, early satiety, bloating, or abdominal distension) completed the questionnaire assessing their understanding of the symptoms using three methods including concept terms, pictograms, and verbal descriptions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 230 patients (121 men, 109 women; mean age 43.7\u2009\u00b1\u200912.6\u00a0y) were included. Verbal descriptions were most applicable to identify patients\u2019 symptom patterns, followed by concept terms and pictograms. Early satiety was the most difficult to identify (20.9% agreement between patient's understanding and doctor's diagnosis by using concept term), whereas fullness and bloating had apparently higher recognition (70.7% and 72.1% by concept terms). Elder patients (&gt;60\u2009y) and those with more frequent symptom attacks (\u2265once daily) showed relatively poorer understanding of the symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early satiety is poorly identified by patients. Existing pictograms fail to show comprehension\u2010improving features in a Chinese cultural setting. Verbal descriptions may be the best option for diagnosing abdominal \u201cZhang\u201d. More caution is required during the inquiry of medical history from elder patients with frequent symptom attacks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.13121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T11:57:18Z","timestamp":1660219038000},"page":"388-395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploration of \u201cZhang\u201d in functional gastrointestinal disorders: A cross\u2010cultural challenge in Chinese clinical setting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6946-1724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao Yu","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei Province China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9697-8510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei Province China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sai Er","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei Province China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei Province China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0255-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei Province China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Song","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei Province China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao Hua","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei Province China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00153-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2001.00906.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01262.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Guidance for industry: patient\u2010reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims. 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