{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T16:36:03Z","timestamp":1784219763918,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":87,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Digest Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gallstones affect a significant proportion of U.S. adults and can cause serious complications. We aimed to investigate the association between gallstone disease and common metabolic disorders in a nationally representative sample in the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected from 2017 to 2020. We included 6164 participants meeting the eligibility criteria, which represented 171\u2009407\u2009370 participants. The associations between gallstone disease and six metabolic disorders were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analyses, accounting for potential confounding factors. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age, gender, and race.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altogether 10.9% of participants had gallstone disease, with prevalence increasing with age (mean age with vs. without gallstones: 56.435 years vs. 46.896\u2009years, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and a female predominance (75.1% vs. 24.9%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with an increased risk of gallstone formation, with adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 1.523 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.180\u20131.965, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002), 1.733 (95% CI 1.265\u20132.374, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), 1.466 (95% CI 1.203\u20131.785, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), and 1.522 (95% CI 1.165\u20131.989, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003), respectively. These associations were more pronounced in individuals under 60\u2009years of age and in females. No significant associations were observed with hyperlipidemia or hyperuricemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gallstone disease is\u00a0significantly associated with obesity, NAFLD, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, with stronger associations found in younger individuals and females. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.13349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T07:48:58Z","timestamp":1748332138000},"page":"158-169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association Between Metabolic Dysfunction and Gallstone Disease in U.S. Adults: An Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yong Feng","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University  Nanning Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Tian","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi 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Lian","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University  Nanning Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5348-0130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi Hai","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University  Nanning Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 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