{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:01:58Z","timestamp":1791388918974,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":73,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Digest Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to explore the global burden and trends of early\u2010onset gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, defined as those diagnosed in individuals younger than 50\u2009years of age, from 1990 to 2021 based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data of disability\u2010adjusted life\u2010years (DALYs), incidence, and corresponding age\u2010standardized rates were extracted to assess the burden and trends of early\u2010onset GI cancers, including esophageal, gastric, liver, colorectal, pancreatic, and gallbladder and biliary tract cancers from 1990 to 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Colorectal cancer had the highest age\u2010standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) and incidence rate (ASIR) globally at 101.37 and 5.37 per 100\u2009000 in 2021. Moreover, it showed the greatest ASIR growth over the past three decades, with projections indicating it would remain the leading cause by 2040. Colorectal, gastric, and liver cancers ranked the top three contributors to disease burden in 2021, with gastric cancer showing the most significant decline (average annual percentage change [AAPC] for ASDR: \u22122.27; for ASIR: \u22121.71). Elevated\u00a0body mass index was the risk factor for most of these cancers, with AAPC ranging from 0.68 to 5.09. Additionally, early\u2010onset pancreatic cancer had the greatest impact in Eastern Europe, while gallbladder and biliary tract cancer was more prevalent in Southern Latin America. East Asia had the heaviest burden of other cancers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early\u2010onset colorectal, gastric, and liver cancers were the top three contributors to disease burden in 2021. Preventing these cancers and reducing obesity should be the main priorities for public health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.70026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:28:46Z","timestamp":1768292926000},"page":"509-517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Global Burden and Trends of Early\u2010Onset Gastrointestinal Cancers From 1990 to 2021"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ying Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou Henan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin Long","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou Henan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou Henan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3300-9453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou Henan Province China"},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Biomarkers and Molecular Imaging Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou Henan Province China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Metabolism Disorder and Esophageal Cancer Prevention &amp; Treatment Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou Henan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"2757","article-title":"The Clinicopathological Characteristics of Early\u2010Onset Gastric Cancer and Its Evolutionary Trends: A Retrospective Study","volume":"12","author":"Qu X.","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal of Cancer Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-20-0944"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00426-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00672-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-23-0231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-019-01810-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2021.12635"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00933-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01973-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7344"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201500263"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"158","article-title":"Gender\u2010Related Differences in Lifestyle May Affect Health Status","volume":"52","author":"Var\u00ec R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanita"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx388"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16620"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/62864"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agt143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876\u2010022\u201002567\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.0210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.84051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-023-00527-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60269-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.56157"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aav9778"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.15816"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00199-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27935"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00457-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000002331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Gallbladder Cancer: Epidemiology and Outcome","volume":"6","author":"Hundal R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.003118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo-2019-gi-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.101003"}],"container-title":["Journal of Digestive Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1751-2980.70026","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1751-2980.70026","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1751-2980.70026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T02:34:58Z","timestamp":1771122898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1751-2980.70026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11-12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1751-2980.70026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1751-2980.70026","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-2972","1751-2980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-2972","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-2980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}