{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:57:04Z","timestamp":1791845824242,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]],"date-time":"2014-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n There are few studies on the presence of extended\u2010spectrum \u03b2\u2010lactamases and\n AmpC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03b2\u2010lactamases (\n ESBL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n AmpC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in bacteria that contaminate vegetables. The role of the production environment in\n ESBL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n AmpC<\/jats:styled-content>\n gene transmission is poorly understood. The occurrence of\n ESBL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n AmpC<\/jats:styled-content>\n in\n \n E<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n scherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n \u200946) from lettuce and irrigation water and the role of irrigation water in the transmission of resistant\n \n E<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009coli<\/jats:italic>\n were studied. The presence of\n ESBL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n AmpC<\/jats:styled-content>\n , genetic similarity and phylogeny were typed using genotypic and phenotypic techniques. The frequency of \u03b2\u2010lactamase gene transfer was studied in vitro.\n ESBLs<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n AmpC<\/jats:styled-content>\n were detected in 35 isolates (76%). Fourteen isolates (30%) produced both\n ESBLs<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n AmpC<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Prevalence was highest in\n \n E<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009coli<\/jats:italic>\n from lettuce (90%). Twenty\u2010two isolates (48%) were multi\u2010resistant with between two and five\n ESBL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n AmpC<\/jats:styled-content>\n genes. The major\n ESBL<\/jats:styled-content>\n determinant was the\n CTX<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n type (34 isolates).\n DHA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (33% of isolates) were the dominant\n AmpC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03b2 lactamases. There was a high conjugation efficiency among the isolates, ranging from 3.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n \u22122<\/jats:sup>\n to 1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n \u22122<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009\u00b1\u20091.4\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n transconjugants per recipient. Water isolates showed a significantly higher conjugation frequency than those from lettuce. A high degree of genetic relatedness between\n \n E<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009coli<\/jats:italic>\n from irrigation water and lettuce indicated possible common ancestry and pathway of transmission.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.12234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]],"date-time":"2014-12-09T11:57:28Z","timestamp":1418126248000},"page":"462-473","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Pathogenic and commensal\n \n E<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n scherichia\u2009coli<\/i>\n from irrigation water show potential in transmission of extended spectrum and\n AmpC<\/scp>\n \u03b2\u2010lactamases determinants to isolates from lettuce"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Patrick M. K.","family":"Njage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science University of Pretoria Lynwood Road Pretoria 0002 South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elna M.","family":"Buys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science University of Pretoria Lynwood Road Pretoria 0002 South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2014.228"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Bhutani N. Talreja D. Walia S. Muraleedharan C. Kumar A. Rana S.W. et\u2009al. 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