{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:28:07Z","timestamp":1782743287898,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,15]],"date-time":"2018-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002649","name":"Yeungnam University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002649","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Certain pathogenic bacteria and yeast form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces including medical devices and implants. Hence, the development of antibiofilm coating materials becomes relevant. The virulence of those colonizing pathogens can be reduced by inhibiting biofilm formation rather than killing pathogens using excessive amounts of antimicrobials, which is touted as one of the main reasons for the development of drug resistance.\n Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n is an opportunistic fungal pathogen, and the transition of yeast cells to hyphal cells is believed to be a crucial virulence factor. Previous studies have shown that indole and its derivatives possess antivirulence properties against various bacterial pathogens. In this study, we used various indole derivatives to investigate biofilm\u2010inhibiting activity against\n C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:italic>\n . Our study revealed that 7\u2010benzyloxyindole, 4\u2010fluoroindole and 5\u2010iodoindole effectively inhibited biofilm formation compared to the antifungal agent fluconazole. Particularly, 7\u2010benzyloxyindole at 0.02\n mM<\/jats:styled-content>\n (4.5\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0ml\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ) significantly reduced\n C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:italic>\n biofilm formation, but had no effect on planktonic cells, and this finding was confirmed by a 2,3\u2010bis\u2010(2\u2010methoxy\u20104\u2010nitro\u20105\u2010sulfophenyl)\u20102H\u2010tetrazolium\u20105\u2010carboxanilide (\n XTT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) assay and three\u2010dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that 7\u2010benzyloxyindole effectively inhibited hyphal formation, which explains biofilm inhibition. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 7\u2010benzyloxyindole downregulated the expressions of several hypha\/biofilm\u2010related genes (\n \n ALS<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3\n <\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n ECE<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1\n <\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n HWP<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1\n <\/jats:italic>\n and\n \n RBT<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1\n <\/jats:italic>\n ). A\n C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010infected\n Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n model system was used to confirm the antivirulence efficacy of 7\u2010benzyloxyindole.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,15]],"date-time":"2018-04-15T18:23:49Z","timestamp":1523816629000},"page":"1060-1069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Efficacy of 7\u2010benzyloxyindole and other halogenated indoles to inhibit\n Candida albicans<\/i>\n biofilm and hyphal formation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ranjith Kumar","family":"Manoharan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010Hyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical 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