{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:23:11Z","timestamp":1789950191810,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,13]],"date-time":"2019-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mortality, necrotising enterocolitis (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), late onset sepsis (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and feeding intolerance are significant issues for very preterm (&lt;\u00a032\u00a0weeks) and extremely preterm (&lt;\u00a028\u00a0weeks) infants. The complications of \u2265\u00a0Stage\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II NEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    [e.g. Resection of the gangrenous gut, survival with intestinal failure, recurrent infections, prolonged hospital stay, and long\u2010term neurodevelopmental impairment (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    )] impose a significant health burden.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    also carries significant burden including long\u2010term\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    due to adverse effects of inflammation on the preterm brain during the critical phase of development. Frequent stopping of feeds due to feeding intolerance is a significant iatrogenic contributor to postnatal growth failure in extremely preterm infants. Over 25 systematic reviews and meta\u2010analyses of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s (~12\u00a0000 participants) have reported that probiotics significantly reduce the risk of all\u2010cause mortality,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u00a0\u2265\u00a0Stage\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and feeding intolerance in preterm infants. Systematic reviews and meta\u2010analysis of non\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s have also shown that the benefits after adopting probiotics as a standard prophylaxis for preterm infants are similar to those reported in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s. No intervention comes close to probiotics when it comes to significant reduction in death,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and feeding intolerance at a cost of less than a dollar a day irrespective of the setting and baseline incidence of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . The common controversies that are preventing the rapid uptake of probiotics for preterm infants are addressed in this paper.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T02:24:31Z","timestamp":1547432671000},"page":"249-253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Probiotics for preterm infants \u2013 time to end all controversies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gayatri","family":"Athalye\u2010Jape","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Directorate King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women Perth WA Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Neonatal Research and Education University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Patole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Directorate King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women Perth WA Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Neonatal Research and Education University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10101472"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.092551"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2017.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181344694"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu946"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Fatal gastrointestinal mucormycosis in an infant following use of contaminated ABC dophilus powder from Solgar Inc 2014. URL:http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/fungal\/rhizopus-investigation.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.09.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01027-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158136"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000454668"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-92"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31271-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017638"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2209.160033"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250600719713"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318228b799"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1339"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2018.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000354891"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000441274"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150775"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3684"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.192"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31643"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2017.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2429"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70710-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2012.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13902"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000256","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2018-000256","article-title":"On behalf of the Probiotics Study Group in Japan Probiotics and the development of very low birthweight infants: follow\u2010up study of a randomised trial","volume":"2","author":"Totsu S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0211-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182333de3"}],"container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1751-7915.13357","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1751-7915.13357","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T18:10:48Z","timestamp":1762279848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1751-7915.13357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,13]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1751-7915.13357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1751-7915.13357","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-7915","1751-7915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-7915","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-7915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-11-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}