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Application of alternative fungicides, such as antifungal proteins and peptides, provides a promising basis to overcome this problem; however, their direct use in fields suffers limitations, such as high cost of production, low stability, narrow antifungal spectrum and toxicity on plant or mammalian cells. Recently, we demonstrated that a\n                    <jats:italic>Penicillium chrysogenum<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010based expression system provides a feasible tool for economic production of\n                    <jats:italic>P.\u00a0chrysogenum<\/jats:italic>\n                    antifungal protein (PAF) and a rational designed variant (PAF\n                    <jats:sup>opt<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), in which the evolutionary conserved \u03b3\u2010core motif was modified to increase antifungal activity. In the present study, we report for the first time that \u03b3\u2010core modulation influences the antifungal spectrum and efficacy of PAF against important plant pathogenic ascomycetes, and the synthetic \u03b3\u2010core peptide P\u03b3\n                    <jats:sup>opt<\/jats:sup>\n                    , a derivative of PAF\n                    <jats:sup>opt<\/jats:sup>\n                    , is antifungal active against these pathogens\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Finally, we proved the protective potential of PAF against\n                    <jats:italic>Botrytis cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in tomato plant leaves. The lack of any toxic effects on mammalian cells and plant seedlings, as well as the high tolerance to harsh environmental conditions and proteolytic degradation further strengthen our concept for applicability of these proteins and peptide in agriculture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T10:28:10Z","timestamp":1585045690000},"page":"1403-1414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The potential use of the\n                    <i>Penicillium chrysogenum<\/i>\n                    antifungal protein PAF, the designed variant PAF\n                    <sup>opt<\/sup>\n                    and its \u03b3\u2010core peptide P\u03b3\n                    <sup>opt<\/sup>\n                    in plant 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