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The acquisition of levofloxacin (Lev) resistance affects the fitness of\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio alginolyticus in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Lev\u2010resistant (Lev\u2010R)\n                    <jats:italic>V.\u00a0alginolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibits slow growth, reduced pathogenicity and greater resistance to killing by the host,\n                    <jats:italic>Danio rerio<\/jats:italic>\n                    (zebrafish), than Lev\u2010sensitive (Lev\u2010S)\n                    <jats:italic>V.\u00a0alginolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , suggesting that Lev\u2010R\n                    <jats:italic>V.\u00a0alginolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    triggers a weaker innate immune response in\n                    <jats:italic>D.\u00a0rerio<\/jats:italic>\n                    than Lev\u2010S\n                    <jats:italic>V.\u00a0alginolyticus.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Differences were detected in the metabolome of\n                    <jats:italic>D.\u00a0rerio<\/jats:italic>\n                    infected with Lev\u2010S or Lev\u2010R\n                    <jats:italic>V.\u00a0alginolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Maltose, a crucial metabolite, is significantly downregulated in\n                    <jats:italic>D.\u00a0rerio<\/jats:italic>\n                    infected with Lev\u2010R\n                    <jats:italic>V.\u00a0alginolyticus,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and exogenous maltose enhances the immune response of\n                    <jats:italic>D.\u00a0rerio<\/jats:italic>\n                    to Lev\u2010R\n                    <jats:italic>V.\u00a0alginolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , leading to better clearance of the infection\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Furthermore, we demonstrate that exogenous maltose stimulates the host production of lysozyme and its binding to Lev\u2010R\n                    <jats:italic>V.\u00a0alginolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which depends on bacterial membrane potential. We suggest that exogenous exposure to crucial metabolites could be an effective strategy for treating and\/or managing infections with antibiotic\u2010resistant bacteria.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T10:34:58Z","timestamp":1588588498000},"page":"1213-1227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Exogenous maltose enhances Zebrafish immunity to levofloxacin\u2010resistant\n                    <i>Vibrio alginolyticus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8935-3886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Affiliated Hospital State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266071 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Affiliated Hospital State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuang\u2010gui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Affiliated Hospital State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi\u2010shi","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Affiliated 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