{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:55:37Z","timestamp":1789692937167,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31802182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31802182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Individuals with inhibited immunity may develop lethal toxoplasmosis; thus, a safe and effective vaccine is urged to be developed.\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) \u03b1\u2010amylase (\u03b1\u2010AMY) is one of the enzymes responsible for starch digestion. In the present study, we first generated a ME49\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1\u2010amy<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant and discovered that loss of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1\u2010AMY<\/jats:italic>\n                    robustly grew\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    but contributed to significant virulence attenuation\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Therefore, we established a mouse model to explore the protective immunity of \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1\u2010amy<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. The results indicated that the survival rates of short\u2010term or long\u2010term immunized mice re\u2010infected with the tachyzoites of multiple\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains were nearly 100%. ME49\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1\u2010amy<\/jats:italic>\n                    not only could provide protective immunity against tachyzoites infection but also could resist the infection of tissue cysts. Furthermore, we detected that ME49\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1\u2010amy<\/jats:italic>\n                    vaccination could effectively eliminate the proliferation of parasites in mice and prevent the formation of cysts. The significant increases of Th1\u2010type cytokines, Th2\u2010type cytokines and specific total IgG and IgG subclasses (IgG2a and IgG1) confirmed efficiency of a combination of cellular and humoral immunity against infection. In conclusion, ME49\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1\u2010amy<\/jats:italic>\n                    attenuated strain can produce strong immune responses to provide efficient protection against toxoplasmosis, which signifies that ME49\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1\u2010amy<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant may be a potential vaccine candidate.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T08:46:49Z","timestamp":1600764409000},"page":"2057-2069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    \u03b1\u2010amylase deletion mutant is a promising vaccine against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei 430070 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei 430070 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei 430070 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Facai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Southwest University Chongqing 400715 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