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The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in liver diseases. This study aimed to explore the effects of\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus casei<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain Shirota (LcS), a probiotics used widely around the world, on acute liver injury (ALI), as well as the underlying mechanism. Sprague Dawley rats were intragastrically administered LcS suspensions or placebo once daily for 7\u2009days before induction of ALI by intraperitoneal injection of D\u2010galactosamine (D\u2010GalN). Histopathological examination and assessments of liver biochemical markers, inflammatory cytokines, and the gut microbiota, metabolome and transcriptome were conducted. Our results showed that pretreatment with LcS reduced hepatic and intestinal damage and reduced the elevation of serum gamma\u2010glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), total bile acids, IL\u20105, IL\u201010, G\u2010CSF and RANTES. The analysis of the gut microbiota, metabolome and transcriptome showed that LcS lowered the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes; reduced the enrichment of metabolites such as chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid,\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010talose and\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010acetyl\u2010glucosamine, reduce the depletion of\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010glucose and\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010methionine; and alleviated the downregulation of retinol metabolism and PPAR signalling and the upregulation of the pyruvate metabolism pathway in the liver. These results indicate the promising prospect of using LcS for the treatment of liver diseases, particularly ALI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T14:55:37Z","timestamp":1611586537000},"page":"247-261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Probiotic\n                    <i>Lactobacillus casei<\/i>\n                    Shirota prevents acute liver injury by reshaping the gut microbiota to alleviate excessive inflammation and metabolic disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ren","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital College of Medicine Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310003 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaicen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital College of Medicine Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310003 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiangqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital College of Medicine Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310003 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