{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T12:36:06Z","timestamp":1790339766267,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Contemporary medical reports from Britain and Germany on patients suffering from a pandemic infection between 1889 and 1891, which was historically referred to as the Russian flu, share a number of characteristics with COVID\u201019. Most notable are aspects of multisystem affections comprising respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms including loss of taste and smell perception; a protracted recovery resembling long covid and pathology observations of thrombosis in multiple organs, inflammation and rheumatic affections. As in COVID\u201019 and unlike in influenza, mortality was seen in elderly subjects while children were only weakly affected. Contemporary reports noted trans\u2010species infection between pet animals or horses and humans, which would concur with a cross\u2010infection by a broad host range bovine coronavirus dated by molecular clock arguments to an about 1890 cross\u2010species infection event.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T07:45:15Z","timestamp":1626162315000},"page":"1860-1870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Clinical evidence that the pandemic from 1889 to 1891 commonly called the Russian flu might have been an earlier coronavirus pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Harald","family":"Br\u00fcssow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems Laboratory of Gene Technology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lutz","family":"Br\u00fcssow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Angiology and Gastroenterology Specialist Neuss Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2009.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"355","article-title":"The Influenza Epidemic","author":"Anonymous","year":"1892","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","first-page":"453","article-title":"The Influenza Epidemic","author":"Anonymous","year":"1892","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30297-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2021.198382"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1604472113"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","first-page":"820","article-title":"Influenza A virus recycling revisited","volume":"77","author":"Dowdle W.R.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.1597.308"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1738.846"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12111285"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576505801019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00402-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1637.1016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-020-02354-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32134-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1593023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.69.301"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2018.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"Infection, contagion and causalit in Colonial Britain; the 1889\u201390 influenza pandemic and the British Medical journal","volume":"25","author":"Kousoulis A.A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","volume-title":"Auftrag des Vereins f\u00fcr Innere Medicin in Berlin. Verlag J.F. Bergmann, Wiesbaden, 1892","author":"Leyden E.","year":"1892"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","first-page":"461","article-title":"Serological characteristics of a \"new\" serotype of influenza A virus: the Hong Kong strain","volume":"41","author":"Masurel N.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abf8396"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0916-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/bhm.2011.0089"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","first-page":"596","volume-title":"Fields Virology, volume 1: Emerging Viruses","author":"Neumann G.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(95)00041-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420965132"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00090-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01355-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112214"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1528.834"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","first-page":"2060","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","author":"Treanor J.J.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.12.3264-3269.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000886107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.3.1595-1604.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02675-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890440207"}],"container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1751-7915.13889","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1751-7915.13889","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1751-7915.13889","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T18:00:33Z","timestamp":1762279233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1751-7915.13889"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1751-7915.13889"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1751-7915.13889","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-7915","1751-7915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-7915","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-7915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}