{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T22:34:45Z","timestamp":1788388485627,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a recurrent common inflammatory skin disease that affects all ethnic groups in all regions worldwide. However, no specific treatment or preventive measure is yet available. Identifying effective treatments with acceptable safety and tolerability is desirable. In this study, scalp microbiota alterations were measured in SD, showing significantly greater abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and diminished fungal and bacterial diversity compared with healthy controls. We investigated the benefit of a 4\u2010week treatment with 0.5\u00a0mg\u00a0ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u20101<\/jats:sup>\n                    recombinant human thymosin \u03b24 (rhT\u03b24) gel or 2% ketoconazole lotion on the scalp condition of 71 patients with SD compared with 21 healthy individuals. Clinical assessment (Adherent Scalp Flaking Score, and the Maximum Erythema Area) and physiological conditions (transepidermal water loss, hydration, and sebum secretion) were evaluated. The rhT\u03b24 treatment provided significantly greater efficacy than ketoconazole and a sustained effect in the treatment of scalp SD. More importantly, rhT\u03b24 dramatically improved the microbiome homeostasis and prompted a shift of scalp microflora towards healthy composition, helping symptoms and ameliorating physiological conditions more effectively and durably than ketoconazole. Our research demonstrated the scalp microbe dysbiosis of SD and highlighted rhT\u03b24 as a promising therapeutic strategy in the prevention and treatment of SD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T03:42:12Z","timestamp":1627443732000},"page":"2152-2163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Recombinant human thymosin beta\u20104 (rhT\u03b24) improved scalp condition and microbiome homeostasis in seborrheic dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6431-9737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingbin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0436-9089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanfang","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyun","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6633-4375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuemei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5918-3978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengsu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Landproof testing technology Co., Ltd. Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5456-837X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junjie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5805-2469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186840"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1987.tb05814.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of seborrheic dermatitis","volume":"91","author":"Clark G.W.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2018.1459558"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1987.tb05815.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12197"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680701446653"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Seborrheic dermatitis and malassezia species: how are they related?","volume":"2","author":"Kim G.K.","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-020-02333-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00708.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000247566"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10269.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00735-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-019-00319-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-167940"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05474.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-016-2096-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10188"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S196412"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Thymosin beta 4: a novel corneal wound healing and anti\u2010inflammatory agent","volume":"1","author":"Sosne G.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.12.6524-6533.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","volume-title":"Seborrheic Dermatitis. 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