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Using a mouse model, we demonstrated that nasal inoculation of nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (NPP) of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 increased IL\u20106 content in bronchoalveolar\u2009lavage\u2009fluid (BALF). Nasal administration of liquid coco\u2010caprylate\/caprate (LCC) onto\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\u2010colonized mice significantly attenuated NPP\u2010induced IL\u20106. Furthermore,\n                    <jats:italic>S. epidermidis\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                    mediated LCC fermentation to generate electricity and butyric acid that promoted bacterial colonization and activated free fatty acid receptor 2 (Ffar2) respectively. Inhibition of Ffar2 impeded the effect of\n                    <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    plus LCC on the reduction of NPP\u2010induced IL\u20106. Collectively, these results suggest that nasal\n                    <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is part of the first line of defence in ameliorating a cytokine storm induced by airway infection of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T01:39:15Z","timestamp":1649986755000},"page":"1984-1994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Colonization of nasal cavities by\n                    <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/i>\n                    mitigates SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 nucleocapsid phosphoprotein\u2010induced interleukin (IL)\u20106 in the lung"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ming\u2010Shan","family":"Kao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering National Central University  Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jen\u2010Ho","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering National Central University  Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Balasubramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering National Central University  Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Supitchaya","family":"Traisaeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences National Central University  Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Jackson Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering National Central University  Taoyuan 32001 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