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The selective pressure exerted by widespread prophylactic or therapeutic use of antibiotics in intensive chicken farming favours the development of drug resistance in bacterial populations. Chicken liver, closely connected with the intestinal tract, has been directly involved in food\u2010borne infections and found to be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, including\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In this study, 74 chicken livers, divided into sterile and non\u2010sterile groups, were analysed, not only for microbial indicators but also for the presence of phages and phage particles containing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Both bacteria and phages were detected in liver tissues, including those dissected under sterile conditions. The phages were able to infect\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and showed a Siphovirus morphology. The chicken livers contained from 10\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 10\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    phage particles per g, which carried a range of ARGs (\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTx\u2010M\u20101<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>qnrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>armA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>tetW<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) detected by qPCR. The presence of phages in chicken liver, mostly infecting\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , was confirmed by metagenomic analysis, although this technique was not sufficiently sensitive to identify ARGs. In addition, ARG\u2010carrying phages were detected in chicken faeces by qPCR in a previous study of the group. Comparison of the viromes of faeces and liver showed a strong coincidence of species, which suggests that the phages found in the liver originate in faeces. These findings suggests that phages, like bacteria, can translocate from the gut to the liver, which may therefore constitute a potential reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.14056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T04:43:01Z","timestamp":1651207381000},"page":"2464-2475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Chicken liver is a potential reservoir of bacteriophages and phage\u2010derived particles containing antibiotic resistance genes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Blanco\u2010Picazo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department de Gen\u00e8tica, Microbiologia i Estad\u00edstica Universitat de Barcelona  Diagonal 643, Planta 0 Barcelona 08028 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"G\u00f3mez\u2010G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department de Gen\u00e8tica, Microbiologia i Estad\u00edstica Universitat de Barcelona  Diagonal 643, Planta 0 Barcelona 08028 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergi","family":"Aguil\u00f3\u2010Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB)\/ELIXIR\u2010ES Barcelona Supercomputing Center  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dietmar","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Orth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Cerba Internacional Pl. Ramon Llull  7\u201010, Sabadell Barcelona 08203 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6842-1299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Cerd\u00e0\u2010Cu\u00e9llar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRTA Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA\u2010UAB) Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5549-1394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maite","family":"Muniesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department de Gen\u00e8tica, Microbiologia i Estad\u00edstica Universitat de Barcelona  Diagonal 643, Planta 0 Barcelona 08028 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7846-4791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department de Gen\u00e8tica, Microbiologia i Estad\u00edstica Universitat de Barcelona  Diagonal 643, Planta 0 Barcelona 08028 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.586437"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Anonymous. 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