{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:11:38Z","timestamp":1792069898606,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020.04912.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.04912.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04469\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04469\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge and is often associated with other health consequences mainly in pregnant women. BV is described by an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota where strictly and facultative anaerobic bacteria outgrow the lactic acid\u2010 and hydrogen peroxide\u2010producing\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. The species involved in BV are capable to grow and form a polymicrobial biofilm in the vaginal epithelium. The treatment of BV is usually performed using broad\u2010spectrum antibiotics, including metronidazole and clindamycin. However, these conventional treatments are associated with high recurrence rates. The BV polymicrobial biofilm may have an important role on the treatment outcome and is accounted as one of the factors for treatment failure. Other possible reasons for treatment failure include the presence of species resistant to antibiotics or the chance of reinfection after treatment. Therefore, novel strategies to increase the rates of treatment have been studied namely the use of probiotics and prebiotics, acidifying agents, antiseptics, plant\u2010based products, vaginal microbiota transplantation, and phage endolysins. Although some of them are still in an initial phase of development with very preliminary results, they show great perspectives for application. In this review, we aimed to study the role of the polymicrobial nature of BV in treatment failure and explore a few alternatives for treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.14261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T06:15:52Z","timestamp":1681280152000},"page":"1423-1437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Fighting polymicrobial biofilms in bacterial vaginosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7323-4025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00facia G. V.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Ros\u00e1rio Oliveira (LIBRO), Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB) University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar  Braga 4710\u2010057 Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS \u2013 Associate Laboratory  Braga, Guimar\u00e3es Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6955-5061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia A.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Ros\u00e1rio Oliveira (LIBRO), Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB) University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar  Braga 4710\u2010057 Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS \u2013 Associate Laboratory  Braga, Guimar\u00e3es Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3365-3537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Cerca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Ros\u00e1rio Oliveira (LIBRO), Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB) University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar  Braga 4710\u2010057 Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS \u2013 Associate Laboratory  Braga, Guimar\u00e3es Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4774783"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu131"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00181"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91112-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2020.1867966"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01183-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Tinidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis","volume":"1","author":"Armstrong N.R.","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Women's Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/ZZKH4176"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2009.01887.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074378"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90910-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-013-3064-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/183403"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503780"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034540"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw159"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/506621"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis1030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","first-page":"675","article-title":"Inhibitory activity of thymol on native and mature Gardnerella vaginalis biofilms: In vitro study","volume":"60","author":"Braga P.C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arzneimittel\u2010Forschung\/Drug Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2008.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657320"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13479"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11640"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-018-0337-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00083"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020247"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11050558"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2019-0045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.631972"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02200-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.12.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-480"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-51"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.7161"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2006.00383.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02198-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00306"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073110519897731"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S3777"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/509584"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10060310"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043802"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01272-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6884"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020086"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10030261"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy704"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0326-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001164"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-017-4555-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199205000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2011.614654"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2017.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052475"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172522"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpmed.2014.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.568178"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181e50026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.11.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10060719"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2017.1291579"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-021-02707-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13864"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000340063"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318074e565"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02319-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10010054"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2018-0077"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000644"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0600-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1361825"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2022.107915"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.757327"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv338"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4425-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy554"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","first-page":"QC04","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of Myrtus communis L, Berberis vulgaris and metronidazole vaginal gel alone for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis","volume":"10","author":"Masoudi M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"A comparison of the efficacy of metronidazole vaginal gel and Myrtus (Myrtus communis) extract combination and metronidazole vaginal gel alone in the treatment of recurrent bacterial vaginosis","volume":"7","author":"Masoudi M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/588661"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S23814"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-015-3914-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020328"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-009-1241-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2019-0160"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404\u2010022\u201006817\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10080978"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","first-page":"966","article-title":"Identification of key bacteria involved in the induction of incident bacterial vaginosis: a prospective study","volume":"218","author":"Muzny C.A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000620"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11040500"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz342"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.2.297-301.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-200"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-1070"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2016-0051"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/09298673113209990007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.034280-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/japtr.JAPTR_305_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000972"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12129"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1000822"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246953"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190199"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02323-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001063"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/175.2.406"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10111277"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16430"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-1-29"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002611107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00354"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181b08456"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2015.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuz027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.824860"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac155"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2016.0123"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2015.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/509577"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.10.898"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2021.102343"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.118144"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2021.1904890"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08217-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2022.2033183"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001420"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.905739"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3484-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000183594.45524.d2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.06.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053997"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1280094"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12155"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2017.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9020059"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000647"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02077-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000332398"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000057731"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.12774"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7004a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22873-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.594065"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_151_1","article-title":"Acidic electrolyzed water inhibits the viability of Gardnerella spp. via oxidative stress response","volume":"9","author":"Zhao C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Medicine"}],"container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1751-7915.14261","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T11:07:21Z","timestamp":1762254441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1751-7915.14261"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"references-count":150,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1751-7915.14261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1751-7915.14261","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-7915","1751-7915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-7915","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-7915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}