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However, current PEDV vaccines are not effective to protect the pigs from field epidemic strains because of poor mucosal immune response and strain variation. Therefore, it is indispensable to develop a novel oral vaccine based on epidemic strains.\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    spores are attractive delivery vehicles for oral vaccination on account of the safety, high stability, and low cost. In this study, a chimeric gene CotC\u2010Linker\u2010COE (\n                    <jats:italic>CLE<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), comprising of the\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    spore coat gene\n                    <jats:italic>cotC<\/jats:italic>\n                    fused to the core neutralizing epitope CO\u201026\u2009K equivalent (\n                    <jats:italic>COE<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) of the epidemic strain PEDV\u2010AJ1102 spike protein gene, was constructed. Then recombinant\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    displaying the CLE on the spore surface was developed by homologous recombination. Mice were immunized by oral route with\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    168\u2010CLE,\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    168, or phosphate\u2010buffered saline (PBS) as control. Results showed that the IgG antibodies and cytokine (IL\u20104, IFN\u2010\u03b3) levels in the\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    168\u2010CLE group were significantly higher than the control groups. This study demonstrates that\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    168\u2010CLE can generate specific systemic immune and mucosal immune responses and is a potential vaccine candidate against PEDV infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.14518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T11:57:38Z","timestamp":1719921458000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Surface display of the\n                    <scp>COE<\/scp>\n                    antigen of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus on\n                    <i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i>\n                    spores"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural 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