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Among several mechanisms involved in its aetiopathogenesis, recent studies have also postulated the involvement of the vaginal and intestinal microbiota in the development of this disorder. In this study, an accurate insight into the microbial changes associated with PCOS was performed through a pooled\u2010analysis highlighting that this syndrome is characterized by intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis with a reduction of beneficial microorganisms and a higher proportion of potential pathogens. Based on this observation, we evaluated the ability of a milk\u2010derived protein exerting positive outcomes in the management of PCOS, that is, \u03b1\u2010lactalbumin (\u03b1\u2010LA), to recover PCOS\u2010related dysbiosis. In\u00a0vitro experiments revealed that this protein improved the growth performances of members of two health\u2010promoting bacterial genera, that is,\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , depleted in both intestinal and vaginal microbiota of PCOS\u2010affected women. In addition, \u03b1\u2010LA modulated the taxonomic composition and growth performances of the microbial players of the complex intestinal and vaginal microbiota. Finally, an in\u00a0vivo pilot study further corroborated these observations. The oral administration of \u03b1\u2010LA for 30\u2009days to women with PCOS revealed that this protein may have a role in favouring the growth of health\u2010promoting bacteria yet limiting the proliferation of potential pathogens. Overall, our results could pave the way to the use of \u03b1\u2010LA as a valid compound with \u2018prebiotic effects\u2019 to limit\/restore the PCOS\u2010related intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.14540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T04:59:07Z","timestamp":1728017947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Disclosing \u03b1\u2010lactalbumin impact on the intestinal and vaginal microbiota of women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Alessandri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Mancabelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Parma  Parma Italy"},{"name":"Microbiome Research Hub University of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Lepore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Department Lo.Li Pharma  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianpiero","family":"Forte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Department Lo.Li Pharma  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moira","family":"Burratti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.G.UN.Co. 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