{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:29:56Z","timestamp":1791430196834,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]],"date-time":"2025-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IJC2020\u20100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IJC2020\u20100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, natural inhabitants of the human gut, have become major causes of life\u2010threatening bloodstream infections (BSIs) and the third most frequent cause of hospital\u2010acquired bacteremia. The rise of high\u2010level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) in enterococcal isolates complicates treatment and revives bacteriophage therapy. This study isolated and identified forty\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    clinical isolates, with 30% exhibiting HLGR. The HLGR5 isolate, resistant to fosfomycin, vancomycin, and linezolid, was used to isolate the vB_EfaS_SZ1 phage from effluent water. This phage specifically lysed 42% of HLGR isolates. vB_EfaS_SZ1 demonstrated beneficial traits, including thermal stability, acid\u2013base tolerance, a short latent period, and a large burst size. The phage genome comprises a 40,942\u2009bp linear double\u2010stranded DNA with 65 open reading frames (ORFs). The genome closely resembled\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    phages, classifying it within the\n                    <jats:italic>Efquatrovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    genus. Phage\u2010antibiotic synergy was assessed using checkerboard assays and time\u2010killing analyses, revealing enhanced bacteriolytic activity of ampicillin and fosfomycin, with significant reductions in minimum inhibitory concentration values. In a mouse bacteremia model, phage\u2010antibiotic combinations significantly reduced\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    liver burden compared to monotherapies. Histopathological analysis confirmed therapeutic synergy, showing reduced inflammation and improved hepatocyte regeneration. These findings underscore the potential of phage vB_EfaS_SZ1 as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy for resistant enterococcal bacteremia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.70075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T01:39:34Z","timestamp":1736732374000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["From Isolation to Application: Utilising Phage\u2010Antibiotic Synergy in Murine Bacteremia Model to Combat Multidrug\u2010Resistant\n                    <i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1177-424X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma Al\u2010zahraa A.","family":"Yehia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galal","family":"Yahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"},{"name":"Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), CSIC  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eslam M.","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"},{"name":"Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) Philipps\u2010Universit\u00e4t Marburg  Marburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Biology Philipps\u2010Universit\u00e4t Marburg  Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Serrania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) Philipps\u2010Universit\u00e4t Marburg  Marburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Biology Philipps\u2010Universit\u00e4t Marburg  Marburg Germany"},{"name":"Screening and Automation Technologies (SAT) Facility Philipps\u2010Universit\u00e4t Marburg  Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) Philipps\u2010Universit\u00e4t Marburg  Marburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Biology Philipps\u2010Universit\u00e4t Marburg  Marburg Germany"},{"name":"Screening and Automation Technologies (SAT) Facility Philipps\u2010Universit\u00e4t Marburg  Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salwa E.","family":"Gomaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01355"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11040366"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00085\u201019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313949"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2013.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu580"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43042-019-0032-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy947"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17275-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2016.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans R. 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