{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T19:52:22Z","timestamp":1787601142638,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are extracellular nanostructures released from Gram\u2010negative bacteria.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    OMVs (AbOMVs) have been extensively studied and can thus be used as a model for understanding multiple aspects of OMV biology. In this systematic review, we comprehensively assess the relevant literature covering AbOMVs and present these studies in the context of OMV biology in general. An overview of current knowledge regarding AbOMV biogenesis is presented, focusing on the cellular, intrinsic and extracellular factors that induce AbOMV production. In addition, the components that form the AbOMVs, with an emphasis on protein content, are described. Different methodologies that have been used to isolate and purify the AbOMVs for different studies and applications are discussed. In addition, we provide a synthesis of the different roles played by AbOMVs in bacterial pathobiology, including the delivery of virulence factors, activation of immune response, gene transfer and antibiotic resistance. Finally, we detail the biotechnological applications that have employed AbOMVs, focusing on the development of AbOMV\u2010based vaccines. Altogether, this systematic review offers a perspective of current knowledge of AbOMV and serves as a case study of Gram\u2010negative OMVs in general.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.70207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T11:31:04Z","timestamp":1756985464000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<scp>\n                      <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    as a Model for the Study and Application of Gram\u2010Negative Outer Membrane Vesicles: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Cano\u2010Casta\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intrahospital Infections Laboratory Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), National Centre for Microbiology  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5805-8446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mireia","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Siles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology of Intestinal Diseases, Biology Department Universitat de Girona  Girona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Nonnoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intrahospital Infections Laboratory Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), National Centre for Microbiology  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intrahospital Infections Laboratory Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), National Centre for Microbiology  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3452-4131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Corral Lugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protein Synthesis Quality Control Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes  Rennes Cedex France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"McConnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame  Notre Dame Indiana USA"},{"name":"Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame  Notre Dame Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210082"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.557902"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000371815"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01416\u201013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anbr.202200130"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2835256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179272"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"CDC.2019.\u201cAntibiotic Resistance Threats Report. 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