{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T08:47:03Z","timestamp":1794214023267,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1803236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1803236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    A19 attenuated live vaccine poses potential infection risks during practical applications and interferes with serological diagnostics, thereby affecting quarantine measures and the establishment of disease\u2010free zones. Consequently, this study aimed to reduce its potential virulence, enhance its protective efficacy and differentiate it from wild\u2010type strains by knocking out the immunosuppressive virulence gene\n                    <jats:italic>btpB<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the A19 strain. Using homologous recombination, we successfully obtained the A19\u0394BtpB deletion strain. In a mouse model, the A19\u0394BtpB strain demonstrated improved safety and significantly increased TLR2 and TLR4 expression levels in splenic lymphocytes, suggesting attenuated immune suppression. The A19\u0394BtpB strain induced\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010specific IgG antibodies comparable to those of the A19 strain but exhibited superior performance in promoting cellular immunity. It effectively induced Th1\u2010type cytokine (IL\u20106 and TNF\u2010\u03b1) production, reduced Th2\u2010type cytokine (IL\u20104 and IL\u201010) expression and promoted IFN\u2010\u03b3 expression in T lymphocytes. Notably, the A19\u0394BtpB deletion strain provided better protection against the virulent M28 strain in mice than did the A19 strain. In addition, an indirect ELISA diagnostic method based on BtpB protein has been developed, effectively distinguishing vaccine and wild\u2010type strains in the infection of\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The A19\u0394BtpB strain thus represents a promising candidate for a\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene\u2010deletion vaccine, offering both theoretical and empirical support for future vaccine development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.70223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T04:41:19Z","timestamp":1757479279000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A\n                    <scp>B<\/scp>\n                    tp\n                    <scp>B<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Deleted\n                    <i>Brucella<\/i>\n                    Vaccine Strain Provides Dual Advantages: Enhanced Protection and Diagnostic Differentiation Capability in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of 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