{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T12:12:59Z","timestamp":1761653579077,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022M712228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M712228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022SCU12026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SCU12026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the impact of ceftriaxone\u2010induced gut microbiota perturbation in neonatal male spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar\u2010Kyoto (WKY) rats during lactation on the development of juvenile ADHD symptoms. The 5\u2010choice serial reaction time task (5\u2010CSRTT) and open\u2010field test (OFT) were used to evaluate ADHD\u2010related behaviours, and alterations in immune pathways within the microbiota\u2010gut\u2010brain axis were examined. At 3\u2009weeks old, the gut microbiota in both WKY and SHR was significantly disrupted following antibiotic intervention, with these changes persisting 4\u2009weeks after ceftriaxone withdrawal. At the juvenile stage, WKY exhibited inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, while SHR had severe hyperactivity and neuroinflammation. Decreased Chao1 and Shannon indices were positively associated with Treg cells in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and IL\u201010 mRNA expression in the striatum; further, the latter biochemical indices were negatively associated with ADHD symptoms.\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridia_UCG\u2010014<\/jats:italic>\n                    negatively correlated with Treg cells in the spleen, MLN, IL\u20106, and IL\u201010 mRNA expression in the striatum; further, these biomarkers were negatively associated with ADHD, which suggested they may contribute to the development of ADHD. In contrast,\n                    <jats:italic>Muribaculaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    positively correlated with Treg cells in the spleen and MLN, IL\u201010 mRNA expression, and negatively correlated with ADHD symptoms. These results suggest that early life gut microbiota perturbation persistently contributes to the onset and aggravation of juvenile ADHD through the exacerbation of neuroinflammation and peripheral immune dysfunction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.70255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T11:27:29Z","timestamp":1761218849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early\u2010Life Ceftriaxone\u2010Induced Gut Microbiota Perturbation Persistently Exacerbates Juvenile\n                    <scp>ADHD<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Like Behaviours via Immune Dysfunction in\n                    <scp>SHR<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>WKY<\/scp>\n                    Rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8529-1789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simou","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianxiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yating","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinxing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhimo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9333-818X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruyue","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu P.R. 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